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Experimental investigation on Malaysian kaolin under monotonic and cyclic loading: inspection of undrained Miner’s rule and drained cyclic preloading

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Abstract

The results of an experimental investigation on Malaysian kaolin under monotonic and cyclic loading are presented. In the tests, a wide range of initial conditions was varied in order to investigate their influence on the mechanical behavior of the kaolin. The response under monotonic loading was analyzed by means of undrained monotonic triaxial tests with different initial mean effective pressures and overconsolidation ratios. The experimental plan under cyclic loading includes an oedometer test with multiple unloading-reloading cycles and twenty-one undrained cyclic triaxial tests with either isotropic or anisotropic consolidation. In the latter tests, the influence of the initial stress ratio, deviatoric stress amplitude, drained cyclic preloading and sequence of packages of cycles with different deviatoric stress amplitudes has been investigated. The experimental results suggest that the variation of the aforementioned test conditions leads to remarkable changes in the accumulation rates of pore water pressure and strains. In addition, it was found that the so-called Miner’s rule (independence of accumulated strains on loading sequence) is not valid under undrained cyclic conditions. A modified Stewart’s approach was proposed for the estimation of the accumulated pore water pressure and strains on undrained cyclic tests with packages of cycles with different deviatoric stress amplitudes, demonstrating that constitutive models developed using single-magnitude loading packages can be used in simulations of problems with variable cyclic loading magnitude.

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Abbreviations

A :

Activity

B :

Skempton’s coefficient

CSR:

Cyclic stress ratio

d :

Diameter

e :

Void ratio

E :

Secant Young’s modulus

f :

Loading frequency

\(G_s\) :

Specific gravity

h :

Height

LL :

Liquid limit

\(M_c\) :

Critical state slope in compression

N :

Number of cycles

\(N_f\) :

Number of cycles to reach the failure criterion

\(\text {OCR}\) :

Overconsolidation ratio

p :

Mean effective stress

\(p_\text {max}\) :

Maximum mean effective stress

PI :

Plasticity index

PL :

Plastic limit

q :

Deviatoric stress

\(q^\mathrm{amp}\) :

Deviatoric stress amplitude

\(R^2\) :

Coefficient of determination

\(u_w^\mathrm{acc}\) :

Accumulated pore water pressure

\(u_w^\mathrm{acc}/p_0\) :

Normalized accumulated pore water pressure

w :

Water content

\(\varepsilon _{1}\) :

Vertical strain

\(\varepsilon ^\mathrm{amp}_1\) :

Vertical strain amplitude

\(\varepsilon ^\mathrm{acc}_1\) :

Accumulated vertical strain

\(\varphi _c\) :

Critical state friction angle

\(\gamma \) :

Shear strain

\(\eta \) :

Stress ratio

\(\nu \) :

Displacement rate

\(\sigma '_{a}\) :

Aaxial stress

\(\sigma '_{r}\) :

Radial stress

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Acknowledgements

The authors appreciate the financial support given by the grant No. 21-35764J of the Czech Science Foundation and the financial support by the INTER-EXCELLENCE project LTACH19028 by the Czech Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports. The first author appreciates the financial support given by the Charles University Grant Agency (GAUK) with project number 200120. The first and third authors acknowledge the institutional support by the Center for Geosphere Dynamics (UNCE/SCI/006).

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  1. Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic

    J. Duque, J. Roháč, D. Mašín & J. Najser

  2. Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia

    J. Duque

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Duque, J., Roháč, J., Mašín, D. et al. Experimental investigation on Malaysian kaolin under monotonic and cyclic loading: inspection of undrained Miner’s rule and drained cyclic preloading. Acta Geotech. 17, 4953–4975 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01643-0

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