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The influence of carbonate textures and rock composition on durability cycles and geomechanical aspects of carbonate rocks

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Abstract

One of the most important geotechnical parameters in studying the engineering behavior of a rock mass is slake durability. The major goal of this research is to test how a series of drying and wetting cycles affect the durability of carbonate rocks, taking into account the impact of mineralogical composition and strength. Thirty samples derived from lower-middle Eocene limestone of El Minia Formation, El-Minia region, Egypt are used. Slake durability, ultrasonic pulse velocity, unconfined compressive strength (UCS), point load strength (IS50), tensile strength, Schmidt hammer rebound, Shore Hardness Index, Böhme abrasion, S-wave velocity, p-wave velocity, and elastic modulus are the important parameters, tested through the samples. The relationship between the physical and mechanical aspects of the studied material was assessed by exposing the samples to four cycles of slake durability, UCS, and P wave Böhme tests. After four SD cycles, the loss in the different mechanical properties was very significant, especially in the UCS. The effect of clay fraction in the different fresh studied carbonate samples on the petrophysical properties was notable, also diagenesis plays a considerable role in controlling the properties of the carbonate samples. The experimental results showed that the mineralogical composition (mostly clay content) and textural properties (skeletal particles) of carbonate rocks are shown to have a considerable influence on the slake durability test. It is inferred that knowing and accurately calculating the degradability behaviour of carbonate rocks during various slaking cycles, and conducting extensive laboratory research, would undoubtedly provide crucial information for engineering applications in the region and internationally, such as tunnels, slope stability, and many more. Further research into the effect of slaking fluid on the durability of limestone, particularly in lower pH acidic fluid, is required. The information will also assist in reducing the number of unnecessary surveys for stability issues, lowering the cost of any engineering application, limiting any potential causality, and reducing property loss both now and in the future.

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Abbreviations

XRF:

X-ray fluorescence spectrometers

SEM:

Scanning electron microscope

SP:

Skeletal partials

MPa:

Megapascal

UCS:

Uniaxial compressive strength

(IS50):

Point load strength

σt:

Tensile strength

SDI:

Slake durability index

Böh:

Böhme abrasion test

PV:

Primary wave velocity

SV:

Secondary wave velocity

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Acknowledgements

The authors are thankful to the Deanship of Scientific Research at Najran University for funding this work under the General Research Funding program grant code (NU/-/SERC/10/558).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Gamil M. S. Abdullah & Ahmed Abd El Aal

  2. 2Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, (Assiut Branch), Assiut, Egypt

    Ahmed Abd El Aal

  3. Faculty of Geography and Geology, Institute of Geological Sciences, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 3a, 30-387, Kraków, Poland

    Ahmed E. Radwan

  4. Faculty of Science, University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada

    Talha Qadri

  5. Science and Engineering Mathematics Department, Faculty of Petroleum and Mining Engineering, Suez University, Cairo, Egypt

    Nevin Aly

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Abdullah, G.M.S., El Aal, A.A., Radwan, A.E. et al. The influence of carbonate textures and rock composition on durability cycles and geomechanical aspects of carbonate rocks. Acta Geotech. 18, 105–125 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-022-01561-1

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