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Most root-derived carbon inputs do not contribute to long-term global soil carbon storage

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Abstract

Plant root-derived carbon (C) inputs (Iroot) are the primary source of C in mineral bulk soil. However, a fraction of Iroot may lose quickly (Iloss, e.g., via rhizosphere microbial respiration, leaching and fauna feeding) without contributing to long-term bulk soil C storage, yet this loss has never been quantified, particularly on a global scale. In this study we integrated three observational global data sets including soil radiocarbon content, allocation of photosynthetically assimilated C, and root biomass distribution in 2,034 soil profiles to quantify Iroot and its contribution to the bulk soil C pool. We show that global average Iroot in the 0–200 cm soil profile is 3.5 Mg ha−1 yr−1, ∼80% of which (i.e., Iloss) is lost rather than contributing to long-term bulk soil C storage. Iroot decreases exponentially with soil depth, and the top 20 cm soil contains >60% of total Iroot. Actual C input contributing to long-term bulk soil storage (i.e., Iroot−Iloss) shows a similar depth distribution to Iroot. We also map Iloss and its depth distribution across the globe. Our results demonstrate the global significance of direct C losses which limit the contribution of Iroot to bulk soil C storage; and provide spatially explicit data to facilitate reliable soil C predictions via separating direct C losses from total root-derived C inputs.

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Acknowledgements

Mr. Shuxun CHENG from Chongqing Three Gorges University is acknowledged for his contribution in producing Figure 8 of this study. This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 2021YFE0114500), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA26010103) and the Major Program for Basic Research Project of Yunnan Province (Grant No. 202101BC070002).

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  1. Institute of Agriculture Remote Sensing and Information Technology, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Guocheng Wang, Liujun Xiao, Xiaowei Guo, Shuai Zhang, Mingming Wang, Songchao Chen, Zhou Shi & Zhongkui Luo

  2. LAPC, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China

    Guocheng Wang, Ziqi Lin & Qing Zhang

  3. School of Atmospheric Sciences, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Climate Change and Natural Disaster Studies, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Ziqi Lin

  4. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia

    Annette Cowie

  5. State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, 210008, China

    Ganlin Zhang

  6. Academy of Ecological Civilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Zhou Shi & Zhongkui Luo

  7. Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Zhou Shi & Zhongkui Luo

  8. State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093, China

    Wenjuan Sun

  9. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Remote Sensing and Information System, Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310058, China

    Guocheng Wang

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  1. Guocheng Wang
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Wang, G., Xiao, L., Lin, Z. et al. Most root-derived carbon inputs do not contribute to long-term global soil carbon storage. Sci. China Earth Sci. 66, 1072–1086 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-022-1031-5

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