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Cenozoic tectonic evolution of regional fault systems in the SE Tibetan Plateau

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Abstract

The SE Tibetan Plateau, tectonically situated in the eastern India-Eurasia oblique convergence zone, has experienced multiple stages of deformation since the Cenozoic. Three major tectonic boundaries—the Ailaoshan-Red River, Chongshan-Lincang-Inthanon, and Gaoligong-Mogok shear zones—delineate the first-order tectonic framework in this region. The most striking structural features in the block interiors are a series of NW- and NE-trending fault systems, such as the Dayingjiang, Longlin-Ruili, Nantinghe, Red River, Weixi-Qiaohou, and Lancang-Genma faults, which have conjugate geometric relationships. In this study, we review these structures’ geometric and kinematic characteristics and deformation histories. A synthesis of existing geological observations, geomorphological analysis, and chronological data reveal three major Cenozoic tectonothermal events, including crustal shortening, strike-slip shearing, and kinematic reversal. The boundary structures controlled the tectonic extrusion of plateau material during the early Oligocene-early Miocene. In the mid-late Miocene, NW- and NE-trending fault systems mostly experienced diachronous slip-sense inversions. The onset and spatial trend of regional kinematic reversal are constrained by existing chronologic data. Together with geophysical and geodetic observations, the activity and geodynamic drivers of the major fault systems and regional deformation styles are explored, revealing that the SE Tibetan Plateau underwent a transition from discrete (lateral block extrusion) to diffuse deformation in the mid-late Miocene. The intracontinental crustal deformation and its coupling with dynamic processes at depth during the plateau growth are discussed in the context of the India-Eurasia convergence.

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Acknowledgements

We sincerely thank two anonymous reviewers for their thorough and critical reviews. We appreciate discussions with Prof. Lindsay Schoenbohm and Dr. Liangyu Zhu. We thank Dr. Erin Seagren for English language review. We also think Hao Lin, Ya Cui, and Yi Wang for assistance in field work and data analysis. This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (Grant Nos. 2021A1515011631, 202102020490 and 2019B1515120019), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. U1701641 and 41802213), the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program (STEP, Grant No. 2019QZKK0703), and Guangdong Province Introduced Innovative and R&D Team of Geological Processes and Natural Disasters around the South China Sea (Grant No. 2016ZT06N331).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geodynamics and Geohazards, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China

    Yang Wang, Yuejun Wang, Peizhen Zhang & Weitao Wang

  2. Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, 519082, China

    Yang Wang, Yuejun Wang, Peizhen Zhang & Weitao Wang

  3. The Key Laboratory of Orogenic Belts and Crustal Evolution, School of Earth and Space Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China

    Jinjiang Zhang & Bo Zhang

  4. Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China

    Jing Liu-Zeng

  5. School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia

    Renjie Zhou

  6. State Key Laboratory of Earthquake Dynamics, Institute of Geology, China Earthquake Administration, Beijing, 100029, China

    Huiping Zhang & Zhangjun Li

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Wang, Y., Wang, Y., Zhang, P. et al. Cenozoic tectonic evolution of regional fault systems in the SE Tibetan Plateau. Sci. China Earth Sci. 65, 601–623 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-021-9880-3

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