Abstract
The rheology of rocks at depth remains a key point in earth sciences. Deformation of high-temperature–high-pressure rocks from the subduction zone has not been fully studied; in particular, the deformation behavior of eclogites remains poorly understood. This research is focused on the microstructure and fabric of retrograded eclogites from the Hongqiyingzi Complex in Chicheng, north Hebei, China, based on photomicrography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) analysis. The analytical results show that plastic deformation occurred in the garnets during exhumation, but they do not show an obvious lattice preferred orientation (LPO). This can be interpreted as being caused by the simultaneous activation of multiple slip systems in the garnets during deformation by dislocation creep. The plagioclases have a special fabric; the (001) LPO presents a maximum in Z direction which can be correlated with a new [100](001) slip system. The misorientation angle distribution (MAD) of the plagioclases in the deformed retrograded garnet augens shows a special bimodal distribution with peaks in both a low-angle range (<40°) and a high-angle range (>140°). In the retrograded garnet augens (i.e. “white eye socket” garnets) the maximum peak moves from a high-angle range to a low-angle range when we analyze only those plagioclases surrounding the residual garnet porphyroclast. Deformation behavior is controlled by the crystallographic orientation of the host grain and the grain boundary sliding process. Hornblendes in different layers and the retrograded garnet augens show almost the same strong LPO patterns, which are correlated with the [001](010) slip system; and MAD diagrams show a peak in a low-angle range (<40°). Integrating recent studies on metamorphism and geochronology, we argue that ductile deformation occurred during the exhumation periods together with retrograded metamorphism.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agard P, Yamato P, Jolivet L, Burov E. 2009. Exhumation of oceanic blueschists and eclogites in subduction zones: Timing and mechanisms. Earth-Sci Rev, 92: 53–79
Angel R J, Carpenter M A, Finger L W. 1990. Structural variation associated with compositional variation and order-disorder behavior in anorthite-rich feldspars. Am Mineral, 75: 150–162
Bunge H. 1982. Texture Analysis in Materials Science: Mathematical Models. London: Butterworths. 593
Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources of Hebei Province. 1989). Regional Geology of Hebei Province, Beijing and Tianjin Municipality (in Chinese). Beijing: Geological Publishing House
Cao S Y, Liu J L, Leiss B. 2010. Orientation-related deformation mechanisms of naturally deformed amphibole in amphibolite mylonites from the Diancang Shan, SW Yunnan, China. J Struct Geol, 32: 606–622
Chu H, Wang H C, Wei C J, Lu S N, Ren Y W, Zhang J R. 2013. Geochronology of the Paleozoic metamorphism in the Chicheng area, North Hebei, and its geological significance (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Geol Sin, 87: 1233–1246
Dai L. 2007. Microtectonic characteristics of mylonite from Shangyi- Chicheng fault zone in northern Yanshan Belt and its geological significance (in Chinese with English abstract). Master Dissertation. Beijing: China University of Geosciences
Davis G A, Zheng Y D, Wang Z, Brian J D, Zhang C H, George G, Wang Y, Li K M. 2002. Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the Yanshan Fold and thrust belt, with emphasis on Hebei and Liaoning provinces, northern China (in Chinese with English abstract). Beijing Geol, 4: 1–40
Díaz Aspiroz M, Lloyd G E, Fernández C. 2007. Development of lattice preferred orientation in clinoamphiboles deformed under low-pressure metamorphic conditions. A SEM/EBSD study of metabasites from the Aracena metamorphic belt (SW Spain). J Struct Geol, 29: 629–645
Doglioni C, Carminati E, Cuffaro M, Scrocca D. 2007. Subduction kinematics and dynamic constraints. Earth-Sci Rev, 83: 125–175
Imon R, Okudaira T, Fujimoto A. 2002. Dissolution and precipitation processes in deformed amphibolites: An example from the ductile shear zone of the Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan. J Metamorph Geol, 20: 297–308
Imon R, Okudaira T, Kanagawa K. 2004. Development of shape- and lattice-preferred orientations of amphibole grains during initial cataclastic deformation and subsequent deformation by dissolution-precipitation creep in amphibolites from the Ryoke metamorphic belt, SW Japan. J Struct Geol, 26: 793–805
Ji S C, Saruwatari K, Mainprice D, Wirth R, Xu Z Q, Xia B. 2003. Microstructures, petrofabrics and seismic properties of ultra high-pressure eclogites from Sulu region, China: Implications for rheology of subducted continental crust and origin of mantle reflections. Tectonophysics, 370: 49–76
Jiang Z T, Prior D J, Wheeler J. 2000. Albite crystallographic preferred orientation and grain misorientation distribution in a low-grade mylonite: Implications for granular flow. J Struct Geol, 22: 1663–1674
Kong X. 2012. Geochronology study on Hongqiyingzi complex in Chicheng, north Hebei Province, China (in Chinese with English abstract). Master Dissertation. Chengdu: Chengdu University of Technology
Kong X, Ni Z Y, Zhai M G, Shi Y R, Yan G, Zhang J. 2011. Time sequence of evolution for the retrograded eclogite form Chicheng, northern Hebei province: Evidence from zircon SHIRMP U-Pb dating (in Chinese with English abstract). Kuangwu Yanshi, 2): 15–22
Liu J L, Cao S Y, Zou Y X, Song Z J. 2008. EBSD analysis of rock fabrics and its application (in Chinese with English abstract). Geol Bull China, 27: 1638–1645
Liu J L, Tang Y, Xia H R, Guo Q, Dung T M, Cao S Y, Wu H J, Wu W B, Zhang Z C, Zhao Z D. 2010. High temperature strain structures and quartz C-Axis fabrics from mylonitic rocks in the Ailaoshan-Red River shear zone, Yunnan, and their tectonic implication. Acta Geol Sin, 6: 1377–1390
Liu S W, Lu Y J, Feng Y G, Liu X M, Yan Q R, Zhang C, Tian W. 2007. Zircon and monazite geochronology of the Hongqiyingzi complex, northern Hebei, China (in Chinese with English abstract). Geol Bull China, 26: 1086–1100
Llana-Fúnez S, Marcos A, Kunze K. 2005. Strain geometry in Concepenido eclogites during widespread HP deformation (Cabo Ortegal Complex, NW Spain). Tectonophysics, 401: 198–216
Lu J S, Ni Z Y, Zhai M G, Tong Y, Wang R M, Yan G, Liu Y. 2009. Petrology and geochemistry of the metamorphic peridotites form within the Hongqiyingzi group in Chicheng, north Hebei Province, China (in Chinese with English abstract). Kuangwu Yanshi, 3): 91–99
Mainprice D, Bascou J, Cordier P, Tommasi A. 2004. Crystal preferred orientations of garnet: Comparison between numerical simulations and electron back-scattered diffraction (EBSD) measurements in naturally deformed eclogites. J Struct Geol, 26: 2089–2102
Mauler A, Godard G, Kunze K. 2001. Crystallographic fabrics of omphacite, rutile and quartz in Vendée eclogites (Armorican Massif, France): Consequences for deformation mechanisms and regimes. Tectonophysics, 342: 81–112
Meng Q P, He Y K, Zhang W, Zheng R G, Xu C, Zhang Z Y, Wu T R. 2014a. Time constraints on the inversion of the tectonic regime in the northern margin of the North China Craton: Evidence from the Daqingshan granites. J Asian Earth Sci, 79: 246–259
Meng Q R, Wei H H, Wu G L, Duan L. 2014b. Early Mesozoic tectonic settings of the northern North China Craton. Tectonophysics, 611: 155–166
Ni Z Y, Zhai M G, Wang R M, Tong Y. 2006. Late Paleozoic retrograded eclogites from within the northern margin of the North China Craton: Evidence for subduction of the Paleo-Asian ocean. Gondwana Res, 9: 209–224
Ni Z Y, Zhai M G, Wang R M, Tong Y, Shu G M, Hai X L. 2004. Discovery of Late Paleozoic retrograded eclogites from the middle part of the northern margin of North China Craton. Chin Sci Bull, 49: 600–606
Passchier C W, Trouw R A J. 2000. Microtectonics. 2nd ed. Berlin: Springer
Pollok K, Lloyd G E, Austrheim H, Putnis A. 2008. Complex replacement patterns in garnets from Bergen Arcs eclogites: A combined EBSD and analytical TEM study. Chem Erde-Geochem, 68: 177–191
Prior D J, Spiess R, Timms N E, Trimby P, Wheeler J, Zetterstrom L, Alan B, Brenker F, Cheadle M C, Day A, Lopez G, Peruzzi L, Potts G, Reddy S. 1999. The application of electron backscatter diffraction and orientation contrast imaging in the SEM to textural problems in rocks. Am Mineral, 84: 1741–1759
Qi G W, Zhang J J, Wang M. 2015. Mesozoic tectonic setting of rift basins in eastern North China and implications for destruction of the North China Craton. J Asian Earth Sci, 111: 414–427
Satsukawa T, Ildefonse B, Mainprice D, Morales L F G, Michibayashi K, Barou F. 2013. A database of plagioclase crystal preferred orientations (CPO) and microstructures: Implications for CPO origin, strength, symmetry and seismic anisotropy in gabbroic rocks. Solid Earth, 4: 511–542
Stern R J. 2002. Subduction zones. Rev Geophys, 40: 1–3
Storey C D. 2005. Plastic deformation and recrystallization of garnet: A mechanism to facilitate diffusion creep. J Petrol, 46: 2593–2613
Stünitz H. 1998. Syndeformational recrystallization: Dynamic or compositionally induced? Contrib Mineral Petrol, 131: 219–236
Stünitz H, Fitz Gerald J D, Tullis J. 2003. Dislocation generation, slip systems, and dynamic recrystallization in experimentally deformed plagioclase single crystals. Tectonophysics, 372: 215–233
Svahnberg H, Piazolo S. 2010. The initiation of strain localisation in plagioclase- rich rocks: Insights from detailed microstructural analyses. J Struct Geol, 32: 1404–1416
Tatham D J, Lloyd G E, Butler R W H, Casey M. 2008. Amphibole and lower crustal seismic properties. Earth Planet Sci Lett, 267: 118–128
Terry M P, Heidelbach F. 2006. Deformation-enhanced metamorphic reactions and the rheology of high-pressure shear zones, Western Gneiss Region, Norway. J Metamorphic Geol, 24: 3–18
Tong Y, Ni Z Y, Wang R M. 2003. Discovery of ultrabasic rocks with spinifex texture in Northern Hebei, North China Craton (in Chinese with English abstract). Kuangwu Yanshi, 2: 6–10
Vauchez A, Tommasi A, Mainprice D. 2012. Faults (shear zones) in the Earth’s mantle. Tectonophysics, 558: 1–27
Wang H C, Chu H, Xiang Z Q, Lu S N, Zhan F Q, Ren Y W. 2012. The Hongqiyingzi Group in the Chongli-Chicheng area, northern margin of the North China Craton: A suite of the late Paleozoic metamorphic complex (in Chinese with English abstract). Earth Sci Front, 19: 100–113
Wang L, Jin Z M, Kusky T, Xu H J, Liu X W. 2010. Microfabric characteristics and rheological significance of ultra-high-pressure metamorphosed jadeite-quartzite and eclogite from Shuanghe, Dabie Mountains, China. J Metamorphic Geol, 28: 163–182
Wang Q, Burlini L, Mainprice D, Xu Z. 2009. Geochemistry, petrofabrics and seismic properties of eclogites from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling boreholes in the Sulu UHP terrane, eastern China. Tectonophysics, 475: 251–266
Wang T, Zheng Y D, Zhang J J, Zeng L S, Donskaya T, Guo L, Li J B. 2011. Pattern and kinematic polarity of late Mesozoic extension in continental NE Asia: Perspectives from metamorphic core complexes. Tectonics, 30: TC6007
Wheeler J, Prior D, Jiang Z, Spiess R, Trimby P. 2001. The petrological significance of misorientations between grains. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 141: 109–124
Xu H J, Jin J Y, Zheng B R. 2007. New technique of petrofabric: Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) (in Chinese with English abstract). Geoscience, 21: 213–225
Xu H J, Zhang S X, Jin Z M. 2008. Crystallographic preferred orientation of amphibole in retrograded eclogites (in Chinese with English abstract). J Chin Electron Microsc S, 27: 506–511
Xu Z Q. 2007. Continental deep subduction and exhumation dynamics: Evidence from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrane (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 23: 3041–3053
Xu Z Q, Wang Q, Chen F Y, Liang F H, Tang Z M. 2006. Fabric kinematics of eclogite and deep continental subduction: EBSD study of eclogite from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Project (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 22: 1799–1809
Xu Z Q, Liang F H, Yang J S, Zhang Z M, Tang Z M. 2009a. Continental deep subduction and exhumation dynamics: Evidence from the main hole of the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling and the Sulu HP-UHP metamorphic terrace (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 25: 1561–1574
Xu Z Q, Wang Q, Liang F H, Chen F Y, Xu C P. 2009b. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique and its application to study of continental dynamics (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Petrol Sin, 25: 1721–1736
Yang P. 2007. The Applications of Electron Backscatter Diffraction (in Chinese). Beijing: Metallurgical Industry Press
Yund R A, Tullis J. 1991). Compositional changes of minerals associated with dynamic recrystallization. Contrib Mineral Petrol, 108: 346–355
Zhang X D. 2008. The feature of the Fengning-Chicheng ductile shear zone (in Chinese with English abstract). Master Dissertation. Beijing: China University of Geosciences
Zhao G C, Cawood P A, Li S, Wilde S A, Sun M, Zhang J, He Y H, Yin C Q. 2012. Amalgamation of the North China Craton: Key issues and discussion. Precambrian Res, 222: 55–76
Zhou B, Zhang C J, Ni Z Y. 2008. Geochemistry and protolith of the retrograded eclogite in Chicheng, North Hebei (in Chinese with English abstract). Acta Geol Sichuan, 4: 339–341
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, S., Zhang, J., Qi, G. et al. Ductile deformation and its geological implications for retrograded eclogites from the Hongqiyingzi Complex in Chicheng, northern Hebei, China. Sci. China Earth Sci. 59, 1610–1621 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5316-6
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11430-016-5316-6