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Acute and subacute toxic effects of CUMYL-4CN-BINACA on male albino rats

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Abstract

Purpose

There is very little information about the toxicological and pathological effects of synthetic cannabinoids, which have cannabis-like properties. This study was carried out to histopathologically, hematologically, and biochemically determine the toxic effects of acute and subacute exposure to a novel synthetic cannabinoid 1-(4-cyanobutyl)-N-(2-phenylpropan-2-yl)indazole-3-carboxamide in internal organs of adult male rats.

Methods

The cannabinoid was injected intraperitoneally at three doses (0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg, body weight). The cannabinoid was administered to acute groups for 2 days and to subacute groups for 14 days. Observations were made for 14 days and various changes such as mortality, injury, and illness were recorded daily. Hematological and biochemical changes were evaluated and histopathological analyses in lung, liver, and kidney tissues were also performed.

Results

No mortality was observed. It was observed that there were fluctuations in hematological and serum biochemical parameters. Among the oxidative stress parameters, significant decreases in superoxide dismutase, catalase levels and significant increases in lipid peroxidation levels were determined. Serious pathological changes such as necrosis, vacuolation, congestion, and fibrosis were observed in the internal organs in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. It was also found that the synthetic cannabinoid triggered apoptosis in the organs. The results demonstrated that the most affected organ by the cannabinoid was the kidney.

Conclusion

This study showed for the first time that CUMYL-4CN-BINACA adversely affects healthy male albino rats. It can be estimated that the abuse of the cannabinoid may harm human health in the same way.

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Acknowledgements

This study was prepared from Ayşe Lafzi’s PhD thesis. The authors thank Dr. Cemil Bayram for his valuable supports.

Funding

This study was supported by the Atatürk University Research Fund (BAP, FCD-2021-9416).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Criminalistics, Graduate School of Natural and Applied Science, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Ayşe Lafzi & Turgay Şişman

  2. Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Fatma Yeşilyurt & Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu

  3. Department of Histology and Embryology, Medicine Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Tuba Demirci

  4. Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Science Faculty, Atatürk University, 25240, Erzurum, Turkey

    Turgay Şişman

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  1. Ayşe Lafzi
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  4. Ahmet Hacımüftüoğlu
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Contributions

AL, FY, and TD performed the experiments. AH provided technical support. TŞ designed the study, analyzed data, and wrote the article. The published version of the manuscript was read and approved by all authors.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Turgay Şişman.

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Conflict of interest

The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare. All co-authors have seen and agree with the contents of the manuscript. We certify that the submission is original work and is not under review at any other publication.

Ethical approval

This study was approved by the Local Animal Ethics Committee of Atatürk University, on March 9, 2021 (no. 2021/40). All animal care procedures were performed according to the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Every effort was made to minimize the suffering of the animals during the experiment.

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Lafzi, A., Yeşilyurt, F., Demirci, T. et al. Acute and subacute toxic effects of CUMYL-4CN-BINACA on male albino rats. Forensic Toxicol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11419-023-00676-8

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