Abstract
In this paper, the authors establish a generalized maximum principle for pseudo-Hermitian manifolds. As corollaries, Omori-Yau type maximum principles for pseudo-Hermitian manifolds are deduced. Moreover, they prove that the stochastic completeness for the heat semigroup generated by the sub-Laplacian is equivalent to the validity of a weak form of the generalized maximum principles. Finally, they give some applications of these generalized maximum principles.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barletta, E., On the pseudohermitian sectional curvature of a strictly pseudoconvex CR manifold, Diff. Geom. Appl., 25, 2007, 612–631.
Baudoin, F. and Wang, J., Curvature dimension inequalities and subelliptic heat kernel gradient bounds on contact manifolds, Potential Anal., 40, 2014, 163–193.
Borbély, A., A remark of the Omori-Yau maximum principle, Kuwait Journal of Science and Engineering, 39(2), 2012, 45–56.
Boyer, C. P. and Galicki, K., Sasakian Geometry, Oxford Mathematical Monographs, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2008.
Calabi, E., An extension of E. Hopf maximum principles, Duck Math. J., 25, 1957, 45–56.
Chen, Q. and Xin, Y., A generalized maximum principle and its applications in geometry, Amer. J. Math., 114, 1992, 355–366.
Cheng, S. Y. and Yau, S. T., Differential equations on Riemannian manifolds and their geometric applications, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 28, 1975, 333–354.
Chong, T., Dong, Y., Ren, Y. and Zhang, W., Pseudo-harmonic maps from complete noncompact pseudo-Hermitian manifolds to regular ball, J. Geom. Anal., 30(4), 2020, 3512–3541.
Chow, W. L., Über systeme von linearen partiellen differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung, Math. Ann., 117, 1939, 98–105.
Dodziuk, J., Maximum principle for parabolic inequalities and the heat flow on open manifolds, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 32(5), 1983, 703–716.
Dong, Y., Ren, Y. and Yu, W., Schwarz type lemmas for pseudo-Hermitian manifolds, J. Geom. Anal., 31(3), 2020, 3161–3195.
Dong, Y., Ren, Y. and Yu, W., Prescribed Webster scalar curvatures on compact pseudo-Hermitian manifolds, J. Geom. Anal., 32(5), 2022, 151.
Dragomir, S. and Tomassini, G., Differential Geometry and Analysis on CR Manifolds, Progress in Mathematics 246, Birkhäuser, Boston, Basel, Berlin, 2006.
Folland, G. B. and Stein, E. M., Estimates for the \({\overline \partial _b} - {\rm{complex}}\) and analysis on the Heisenberg group, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 27, 1974, 429–522.
Grigor’yan, A., Analytic and geometric background of recurrence and non-explosion of the Brownian motion on Riemannian manifolds, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc., 36, 1999, 135–249.
Grigor’yan, A., Heat Kernel and Analysis on Manifolds, Studies in Adv. Math., Amer. Math. Soc., International Press, 2009.
Hömander, L., Hypoelliptic second differential equations, Acta Math., 119(1), 1967, 147–171.
Hong, K. and Sung, C., An Omori-Yau maximum principle for semi-elliptic operators and Liouville-type theorem, Diff. Geom. Appl., 31, 2013, 533–539.
Jost, J. and Xu, C. J., Subelliptic harmonic maps, Trans. Amer. Math. Soc., 350(11), 1998, 4633–4649.
Nagel, A., Stein, E. M. and Wainger, S., Balls and metrics defined by vector fields I: Basic properties, Acta Math., 155(1), 1985, 103–147.
Ni, W. M., On the elliptic equation \(\Delta u + K\left( x \right){u^{{{n + 2} \over {n - 2}}}} = 0\), its generalizations and applications to geometry, Indiana Univ. Math. J., 31, 1982, 493–539.
Omori, H., Isometric immersions of Riemannian manifolds, J. Math. Soc. Japan, 19, 1967, 205–214.
Pigola, S., Rigoli, M. and Setti, A. G., A remark on the maximum principle and stochastic completeness, Proc. Amer. math. soc., 131(4), 2003, 1283–1288.
Pigola, S., Rigoli, M. and Setti, A. G., Maximum principles on Riemannian manifolds and applications, Memoirs of Amer. Math. Soc., 174(822), 2005, x+99 pp
Rashevsky, P. K., Any two points of a totally nonholonomic space may be connected by an admissible line, Uch. Zap. Ped. Inst. im. Liebknechta, Ser. Phys. Math, 2, 1938, 83–94.
Ratto, A., Rigoli, M. and Setti, A. G., On the Omori-Yau maximal principle and its applications to differential equations and geometry, J. Func. Anal., 134, 1995, 486–510.
Ratto, A., Rigoli, M. and Veron, L., Scalar curvature and conformal deformation of hyperbolic space, J. Func. Anal., 121, 1994, 15–77.
Ren, Y., Yang, G. and Chong, T., Liouville theorem for pseudoharmonic maps from Sasakian manifolds, J. Geom. Phys., 81, 2014, 47–61.
Rothschild, L. P. and Stein, E. M., Hypoelliptic differential operators and nilpotent groups, Acta Math., 137, 1976, 247–320.
Sattinger, D. H., Topics in Stability and Bifurcation Theory, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 309, Springer-Verlag, Heidelberg, 1973.
Strichartz, R. S., Sub-Riemannian geometry, J. Diff. Geom., 24, 1986, 221–263.
Sung, C., Liouville-type theorems and applications to geometry on complete Riemannain manifolds, J. Geom. Anal., 23, 2013, 96–105.
Takegoshi, K., A volume estimate for strong subharmonicity and maximum principle on complete Riemannian manifolds, Nagoya Math. J., 151, 1998, 25–36.
Tanaka, N., A Differential Geometric Study on Strongly Pseudo-convex Manifolds, Kinokuniya Book-Store, Tokyo, 1975.
Webster, S. M., Pseudohermitian structures on a real hypersurface, J. Diff. Geom., 13(1), 1978, 25–41.
Yau, S. T., Harmonic function on complete Riemannian manifolds, Comm. Pure Appl. Math., 28, 1975, 201–228.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 11771087, 12171091), LMNS, Fudan, Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent (No. 2022ZB281) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (No. 30922010410).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dong, Y., Yu, W. Generalized Maximum Principles and Stochastic Completeness for Pseudo-Hermitian Manifolds. Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 43, 949–976 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11401-022-0372-z
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11401-022-0372-z