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Reclamation of degraded soils: Analysis of selected parameters after organic/inorganic modifications

  • Soils, Sec 3 • Remediation and Management of Contaminated or Degraded Lands • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Degraded soils are unable to perform key functions and, thus, it is very important to develop effective reclamation methods. To restore utility or natural values to degraded ecosystems, various compounds are applied. In this study, the impacts of additives of various origin and composition on Polish (Eutric Cambisol) and Bulgarian (Epicalcic Chernozem) soils were compared. The main goal of the study was to make a comprehensive assessment of the validity of using popular soil additives in a real context.

Materials and methods

Physicochemical and hydrophysical parameters including pH, variable surface charge, porosity, specific surface area, wettability, sorption capacity relative to trace metals, and water retention of soils were taken into account. Surface charge and porosity of soils were determined using potentiometric titration and nitrogen adsorption/desorption method, respectively. Wettability was measured by sessile-drop method, whereas water retention, using different matric potentials (pF curves). Sorption study on trace metals included isotherm and kinetics determination as well as experimental data modeling.

Results and discussion

The most positive effect on soil surface charge, porosity, wettability, and cadmium (Cd) sorption was observed for synthetic zeolite, zeolite-carbon composite, and vermicompost. This effect was noted only for Polish soil characterized by poor porosity, low content of organic carbon, and moderately acidic reaction. For eroded Bulgarian soil, the condition of which was definitely better, the impact of modifiers was not spectacular. Among tested amendments, only divergan increased water retention properties of both examined soils significantly.

Conclusions

Zeolite, zeolite-carbon composite, and vermicompost can be apply for degraded soils of low organic carbon content, poor porosity, and moderately acidic pH to improve their physicochemical parameters and sorption ability toward trace metals. Divergan should be used to improve water retention of degraded soils during their reclamation.

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Data availability

Data available on request/reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Dr. Vincent J.M.N.L. Felde for providing divergan.

Funding

The work was partially financed by the National Science Fund under the grant agreement КП-06 H 46/1 2020 (project “Efficiency of erosion control agrotechnologies for improvement of soil quality and water regime and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions”) as well as by the National Science Centre, Poland (2021/41/B/NZ9/03059).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Agrophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Doświadczalna 4, 20-290, Lublin, Poland

    Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz, Agnieszka Tomczyk, Katarzyna Grygorczuk-Płaneta, Olena Siryk & Sylwia Kukowska

  2. Nikola Poushkarov Institute of Soil Science, Agrotechnology and Plant Protection, 7 Shosse Bankya Str., Sofia, 1331, Bulgaria

    Milena Kercheva & Tsvetina Paparkova

  3. Department of Building Materials Engineering and Geoengineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka Street 40, 20-618, Lublin, Poland

    Rafał Panek

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  1. Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz
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  2. Agnieszka Tomczyk
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Highlights

• Modification of degraded soils of different origin was performed.

• Its impact was the most significant for Polish soil–Eutric Cambisol.

• Zeolitic materials and vermicompost improved Cd sorption even by 41.6%.

• In the case of Bulgarian soil, the effects of used amendments were minimal.

• Divergan improved water retention of degraded soils by 22% maximally.

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Szewczuk-Karpisz, K., Tomczyk, A., Kercheva, M. et al. Reclamation of degraded soils: Analysis of selected parameters after organic/inorganic modifications. J Soils Sediments (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-024-03760-7

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