Soil organic nitrogen fraction and sequestration in a buried paddy soil since the Neolithic age

Pan, Jinhua; Wang, Jin; Zhuang, Shunyao

doi:10.1007/s11368-023-03442-w

Soil organic nitrogen fraction and sequestration in a buried paddy soil since the Neolithic age

Soils, Sec 1 • Soil Organic Matter Dynamics and Nutrient Cycling • Research Article
Published: 23 February 2023

Volume 23, pages 2021–2036, (2023)
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Jinhua Pan¹,
Jin Wang^1,2 &
Shunyao Zhuang¹

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Abstract

Purpose

Soil organic nitrogen (SON) biochemistry trends in paddy soils are poorly understood on a long-term scale.

Methods

To explore the effect of land use on SON sequestration, SON and amino acid (AA) fractions were investigated in soil profiles comprising recent and buried paddy soil (BPS) and buried non-paddy soils (BNS). Two ancient paddy soils from Chuodun ruin site, China, were distinguished based on colour and rice phytolith abundance. ¹⁴C abundance in soil organic carbon was used to estimate the age of carbonized rice and ancient paddy soil via a liquid scintillation analysis method, dating to 3800–5500 and 960–4000 BC.

Results

The proportions of D-AAs and acidic AAs in BPS, up to 6.13% and 7.73%, respectively, were higher than those in modern paddy soils. D-alanine (and the D-/L- ratio), aspartate, and glutamate increased with soil depth in BPS, and the amount of D-aspartate was linearly and significantly positively correlated with soil depth (p < 0.05). Based on phytolith stability and abundance, the N sequestration rate (NSR: residual N content as a proportion of initial N content) was proposed to indicate the residual N content varied with time. The NSR was estimated as 10.8–91.2% in BPS with a phytolith stability factor of 0.5–0.9.

Conclusion

These data suggest that intermittent continuous high-intensity rice cultivation could increase soil N sequestration potential over the long term, and that N sequestration is not only associated with AA aging in the organic N fraction, but also with biogeochemical processes in BPS and paddy management. In addition, high-intensity rice cultivation can increase N loss risks, and in turn result in large fluctuations in N sequestration.

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Soil organic nitrogen composition and mineralization of paddy soils in a cultivation chronosequence in China

Article 05 January 2017

Nitrogen sequestration under long-term paddy management in soils developed on contrasting parent material

Article 23 July 2017

Organic/inorganic phosphorus partition and transformation in long-term paddy cultivation in the Pearl River Delta, China

Article Open access 10 July 2023

Data availability

Data are available upon request to the corresponding author (Shunyao Zhuang).

Abbreviations

AAN:: Amino acid nitrogen
ASN:: Amino sugar nitrogen
NHN:: Non-hydrolyzed nitrogen
NH₄ ⁺-N:: Ammonium-nitrogen
UHN:: Unknown hydrolyzed nitrogen
THN:: Total hydrolyzed nitrogen
BPS:: Buried paddy soil
BNS:: Buried non-paddy soil
MPS:: Modern paddy soil
PSM:: Parent soil material
INC:: Initial nitrogen content
NCR:: Nitrogen content of rice plants
SPC:: Soil phytolith content
NSR:: Nitrogen sequestration rate
PSF:: Phytolith stability factor
SON:: Soil organic nitrogen
SOC:: Soil organic carbon
TN:: Total nitrogen

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the individuals who helped with sample collection and analysis. The authors would like to thank Associate Professor Peter Almond from Lincoln University (NZ) for the constructive comments on the manuscript.

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41671296) and the National Key R & D Program of China (2016FYE0112700).

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State Key Lab of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 71 East-Beijing Rd., Nanjing, 210008, People’s Republic of China
Jinhua Pan, Jin Wang & Shunyao Zhuang
Shijiazhuang Institute of Fruit Trees, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Shijiazhuang, 050061, People’s Republic of China
Jin Wang

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Highlights

• Amino acid N more unstable in paddy soil than in non-paddy soil

• D-AAs and acidic AAs higher in buried paddy soil than modern paddy soil

• D- and D-/L-alanine, aspartate, and glutamate increased in buried paddy soil

• D-aspartate content linearly and significantly positively correlated with soil depth

• Continuous high-intensity rice cultivation could increase N sequestration potential

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Pan, J., Wang, J. & Zhuang, S. Soil organic nitrogen fraction and sequestration in a buried paddy soil since the Neolithic age. J Soils Sediments 23, 2021–2036 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03442-w

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Received: 16 October 2022
Accepted: 17 January 2023
Published: 23 February 2023
Issue Date: May 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03442-w

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Soil organic nitrogen fraction and sequestration in a buried paddy soil since the Neolithic age