Abstract
Purpose
There is a high quantity of dredged sediments produced every year. Both their landfill disposal and high pollutant concentrations lead to concerns regarding sustainability. The use of dredged sediment in growing media for horticulture is an opportunity to improve its recycling and to reduce the use of non-renewable materials, such as peat. For this purpose, marine sediments, phytoremediated in the framework of the AGRIPORT project (ECO/08/239065), were selected as a substrate component for pomegranate cultivation.
Material and methods
Phytoremediated sediments underwent 3-months landfarming, to improve their chemical and physical properties and to reduce hydrocarbon concentration. Afterwards, remediated sediment (RS) was mixed with peat (P) in a ratio of 50%. The tested substrates were (v:v) 100% RS (S100), 50% RS and 50% P (S50) and 100% P (S0) as control. Punica granatum L. var. “Mollar de Elche” and “Purple Queen” were selected as target plants. The sediment during the landfarming and the growing media during the plant growth were monitored through physical, chemical, and biological analysis. In addition, the plant performance was evaluated by dry biomass determination.
Results and discussion
Landfarming decreased electrical conductivity and bulk density as well as increased soluble C and N, reducing hydrocarbon concentration in RS, due to the increase in microbial metabolism. The RS respected the Italian legislation limits for growing media, except for bulk density and organic carbon. The RS + P substrate reached the required legal limits. During plant growth, substrates showed low mineralization, and the increased release of nutrients suggested beneficial changes in the rhizosphere. Higher availability of nutrients was detected in P and a decrease of metal concentrations occurred, as result of the plant uptake. The differences in the substrate properties influenced the pomegranate development with a variety-specific effect. “Purple Queen” increased the dry biomass, while no differences were observed for “Mollar de Elche.”
Conclusion
The use of sediment-based substrates (50% and 100%) for pomegranate cultivation, specifically for the “Mollar de Elche” variety, contributes to reducing peat application in horticulture.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Chris Powell for the English revision of this article.
Funding
This study was supported by LIFE HORTISED (LIFE14 ENV/IT/000113): Demonstration of the suitability of dredged remediated sediment for safe and sustainable horticulture production and by the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), Mission 4 Component 2 Investment 1.4 - Call for tender No. 3138 of 16 December 2021, rectified by Decree n.3175 of 18 December 2021 of Italian Ministry of University and Research funded by the European Union – NextGenerationEU;Project code CN_00000033, Concession Decree No. 1034 of 17 June 2022 adopted by the Italian Ministry of University and Research, CUPB83C22002930006, Project title “National Biodiversity Future Center - NBFC”.
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Macci, C., Vannucchi, F., Peruzzi, E. et al. Landfarming efficiently recovers marine dredged sediment for pomegranate cultivation. J Soils Sediments 23, 1581–1594 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03436-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-023-03436-8