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Responses of CO2 and N2O emissions from soil-plant systems to simulated warming and acid rain in cropland

  • Soils, Sec 5 • Soil and Landscape Ecology • Research Article
  • Published:
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Abstract

Purpose

Climate warming is anticipated to change the terrestrial carbon/nitrogen cycle through its impact on the fluxes of greenhouse gases such as CO2 and N2O. This study investigated the effect of diurnal warming and acid rain on CO2 and N2O emissions from soil-plant systems in a winter wheat–soybean rotation cropland.

Materials and methods

Field rotational experiments of winter wheat and soybean were conducted by simulating diurnal warming and acid rain. Manipulated experiments included the control (CK), diurnal warming (T, + 2 °C), acid rain (AR, pH = 2.5), and the combined treatment (TAR, + 2 °C and acid rain). CO2 and N2O fluxes from soil-plant systems were measured using a static chamber-gas technique.

Results and discussion

The results showed that in the winter wheat and soybean growing seasons, compared with CK treatment, T, AR, and TAR treatments did not change the accumulative amount of CO2 emission (AAC) across the full growth period (p ˃ 0.05), although T treatment significantly increased soil AAC (p < 0.05) at the grain filling-maturity stage. On the contrary, T and AR treatments significantly increased the accumulative amount of N2O emission (AAN) in winter wheat and soybean croplands (p < 0.05), which was attributed to leaf nitrate reductase activity, total biomass, and soil NO3−–N content. In addition, there was a significant interaction between warming and acid rain on N2O flux. The AAN from the winter wheat cropland under treatments was in the order: TAR ˃ AR ˃ T ˃ CK.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that diurnal warming and acid rain had no significant effect on CO2 emissions from soil-plant systems, but significantly increase N2O emissions in winter wheat and soybean growing seasons. Moreover, diurnal warming would strengthen the positive effect of acid rain on N2O emissions from soil-plant systems in winter wheat farmland.

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Funding

This study financially was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41775152, 41775151), the Postgraduate Research & Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province (SJKY19_0948), and the Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology Foundation (KYQ1404).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Agricultural Meteorology, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China

    Yuanyuan Wang, Zhenghua Hu, Chao Liu, Shutao Chen, Xuesong Zhang & Yinping Zhou

  2. Department of Disaster Management, Disaster Management E-Learning Centre, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur, 5400, Bangladesh

    A. R. M. Towfiqul Islam

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  1. Yuanyuan Wang
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  2. Zhenghua Hu
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Wang, Y., Hu, Z., Liu, C. et al. Responses of CO2 and N2O emissions from soil-plant systems to simulated warming and acid rain in cropland. J Soils Sediments 21, 1109–1126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02818-6

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