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Responses of Bougainvillea spectabilis to elevated atmospheric CO2 under galaxolide (HHCB) pollution and the mechanisms of its rhizosphere metabolism

  • Soils, Sec 2 • Global Change, Environ Risk Assess, Sustainable Land Use • Research Article
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Abstract

Purpose

Due to the discovery of synthetic musks in soil and the gradual increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), it is important to reveal the potential implications of these compounds for bioremediation systems. Hence, this study was conducted to investigate the combined influence of galaxolide (HHCB) and elevated CO2 on an ornamental remediation plant.

Materials and methods

We conducted pot experiments with Bougainvillea spectabilis, an ornamental remediation plant, in which the biomass, HHCB and chlorophyll contents, and rhizosphere metabolism of the plants were analyzed.

Results and discussion

We showed that B. spectabilis exhibited high tolerance under combined HHCB and elevated CO2 stresses. The addition of HHCB alone to the soil did not significantly reduce the biomass components of B. spectabilis, whereas the presence of elevated CO2 (750 μL L−1) alone showed a relatively strong ability to increase plant biomass, especially that of the leaves. An elevated CO2 concentration stimulated the absorption of low doses of HHCB by the roots. Regarding the root metabolites of B. spectabilis, carbohydrates and organic acids were highly correlated with HHCB concentration, and amino acids were well correlated with CO2 concentration.

Conclusions

Our study indicates that B. spectabilis may be well suited to remove HHCB from contaminated soil under elevated CO2 levels, and the root metabolism of this plant provides information about HHCB contamination and elevated CO2 conditions.

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Foundation of Science (No. 31770547, 41471411) and the Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Commission (Grant 16JCZDJC39200).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Minzhe Zhang, Jianv Liu, Wenjing Wang & Yanyu Bao

  2. Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Jianv Liu & Yanyu Bao

  3. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, Tianjin, 300350, China

    Jianv Liu & Yanyu Bao

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  1. Minzhe Zhang
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  2. Jianv Liu
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Correspondence to Jianv Liu.

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Zhang, M., Liu, J., Wang, W. et al. Responses of Bougainvillea spectabilis to elevated atmospheric CO2 under galaxolide (HHCB) pollution and the mechanisms of its rhizosphere metabolism. J Soils Sediments 19, 159–170 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-018-2050-z

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