Abstract
The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is home to a range of commercially important species with different food habits and feeding features. Microplastic (MP) contamination in the fish of BoB, like in many other marine environments, is a significant environmental concern. The study aimed to investigate the presence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal tracts (GITs) of selected commercial marine fishes from the Bangladesh coast of the BoB. Six fish species (Escualosa thoracata, Tenualosa ilisha, Johnius belangerii, Trichiurus lepturus, Planiliza parsia, and Mystus gulio) were investigated (n = 120) following hydrogen peroxide digestion, and floatation (saline solution) protocols. After analyses, a total number of 696 MPs (dimension 0.3 to 5 mm) were identified. Moreover, the highest occurrence of MPs in fish GITs was found in planktivorous fish (average of 7.7 items/individual), followed by omnivorous (average of 5.2 items/individual), and carnivorous fish (average of 4.6 items/individual) (p < 0.001). However, planktivorous E. thoracata showed the highest number of MPs per g of GIT (average of 30.99 items/g GIT), whereas T. ilisha showed the lowest count (average of 0.77 items/g GIT). Different types of MPs (fibers (19 to 76%), fragments (6 to 61%), films (8 to 35%), microbeads (0 to 5%), and foams (0 to 2%)) were also observed. In terms of the color of MPs, the transparent, black, green, and blue types were the most common. Polymers were found as polyethylene (35 to 43%), polyethylene terephthalate (28 to 35%), polyamide (20 to 31%), and polystyrene (0 to 7%). The study provides a significant incidence of MPs in fish from the Bangladesh part of the BoB, which is very concerning. Therefore, long-term research is indispensable to ascertain the variables affecting the presence of MPs in fish, their origins, and their potential effects on the BoB fisheries. Stringent policies on plastic use and disposal should be strongly urged in this coastal region.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon request.
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Acknowledgements
We sincerely acknowledge the authority and staff of the Interdisciplinary Institute for Food Security at Bangladesh Agricultural University, Bangladesh, and the Laboratory of Applied Ocean Optics at Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Japan, for making this research possible. We are very grateful to the editor and anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments and valuable suggestions that helped improve the manuscript greatly.
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This study was partially supported by a grant from the Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute and Asia Pacific Network for Global Change Research.
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Kaniz Fatema: study design, methodology, formal analysis, writing—original draft preparation, review, and editing. Md Jakiul Islam: resources, writing—review and editing. Md. Ashraful Islam Sarker: sample collection, methodology. Kazi Shahrukh Elahi: sample collection, methodology. Md. Jahangir Alam: resources, formal analysis. Shanur Jahedul Hasan: technical assistance. Harunur Rashid: conceptualization, supervision, writing—review and editing. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Fatema, K., Islam, M.J., Sarker, M.A.I. et al. Occurrence of microplastics in fish gastrointestinal tracts belongs to different feeding habits from the Bangladesh coast of the Bay of Bengal. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 24329–24343 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32681-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32681-8