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Metal contamination, their ecological risk, and relationship with other variables in surface sediments of urban rivers in a big city in Asia: case study of Hanoi, Vietnam

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Abstract

Urban rivers are significantly impacted by anthropogenic pressure. This study presents the updated assessment of the concentrations of 11 metals and other variables (pH, total organic carbon (TOC) and nutrients (total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and total silica)) in the sediments of four urban rivers in inner Hanoi city, Vietnam, during the period 2020–2022. The mean concentrations of Fe, Zn, As, and Cr were higher than the permissible values of the Vietnam National technical regulation on the surface sediment quality. Moreover, Zn and Cr were at the severe effect level of the US EPA guidelines for sediment quality. The calculation of pollution indices (Igeo and EF) demonstrated that Mn, Ni, and Fe were from natural sources whereas other metals were from both anthropogenic and natural sources. The ecological risk index revealed that metals in Hanoi riverine sediments were classified at considerable ecological risk. High values of metals, TOC, and nutrients in the sediments of these urban rivers mostly originate from the accumulation of untreated urban wastewater that is enhanced by low river discharge. Our results may provide scientific base for better management decisions to ensure environmental protection and sustainable development of Hanoi city.

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Funding

The study was funded by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST) (for the project no. NCXS02.02/23–24.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Electric Power University, 235 Hoang Quoc Viet, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Xuan Binh Phung

  2. Institute of Natural Products Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Phuong Quynh Le, Nhu Da Le, Thi Thu Ha Hoang & Thi Mai Huong Nguyen

  3. Graduate University of Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Phuong Quynh Le & Nhu Da Le

  4. Institute of Ecology and Environmental Sciences of Paris (iEES-Paris), Sorbonne Université, Université Paris-Est Créteil, IRD, CNRS, INRA, Paris, France

    Emma Rochelle-Newall

  5. Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, VNU University of Science, Vietnam National University-Hanoi, 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Anh Huong Nguyen

  6. Institute of Science and Technology for Energy and Environment, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet Road, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Thuy Duong

  7. Hanoi University of Industry, 298, Cau Dien, Bac Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Thi Mai Huong Pham

  8. Center for High Technology Research and Development, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam

    Tien Dat Nguyen

Authors
  1. Thi Xuan Binh Phung
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  2. Thi Phuong Quynh Le
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  3. Nhu Da Le
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  4. Thi Thu Ha Hoang
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  5. Thi Mai Huong Nguyen
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  6. Emma Rochelle-Newall
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  7. Thi Anh Huong Nguyen
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  8. Thi Thuy Duong
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  9. Thi Mai Huong Pham
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  10. Tien Dat Nguyen
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Phung TXB, Le TPQ, Le ND, Hoang TTH, Nguyen TMH, Rochelle-Newall E, Nguyen TAH, Duong TT, Pham TMH, and Nguyen TD. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Phung TXB and Le TPQ. All authors commented on previous manuscript versions and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Thi Phuong Quynh Le.

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Responsible Editor: Xianliang Yi

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Highlights

• Updated observations (2020–2022) on metal concentrations in river sediments in inner Hanoi city, Vietnam were reported.

• Fe, Zn, As, and Cr concentrations were higher than the permissible values of the Vietnam technical regulation.

• Igeo and EF values revealed that Mn, Ni, and Fe were from natural sources whereas other metals were from both anthropogenic and natural sources.

• RI values demonstrated the considerable ecological risk for Hanoi riverine sediment.

Supplementary Information

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Supplementary file1 (DOCX 21 KB)

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Phung, T.X.B., Le, T.P.Q., Da Le, N. et al. Metal contamination, their ecological risk, and relationship with other variables in surface sediments of urban rivers in a big city in Asia: case study of Hanoi, Vietnam. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 22362–22379 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32549-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32549-x

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