Abstract
Although Mn(III) complexes with organic ligands have been previously identified, the information about their stability and reactivity is scarce. In the present study, we analyzed the formation and stability of three different complexes: Mn(III)-citrate, Mn(III)-tartrate, and Mn(III)-humic acid (HA), as well as their reactivity toward an element of high environmental concern, lead (Pb).
Our results indicate that the stability of studied complexes is highly dependent on pH. The Mn(III) complexes with citrate and tartrate degrade below pH 8, due to the electron transfer reaction between Mn(III) and the ligand, while the Mn(III)-HA complex’s degradation is slower and less sensitive to pH. At pH 4, less than 40% of the initial Mn(III)-HA was found to be stable.
The reactivity of the complexes was different depending on the ligand and its concentration. The Mn(III)-citrate and Mn(III)-tartrate complexes effectively reduced PbO2 and releases aqueous Pb2+, although significant differences were found with increasing ligand concentration. There was no evidence of the reduction of PbO2 by Mn(III) when it forms a complex with HA. This is likely due to the large size of HA moieties that prevent the Mn(III) component of the complex from getting close enough to the PbO2 surface to initiate electron transfer and lead to the reduction of Pb(IV) by HA itself.
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All the data and software used in this manuscript comply with field standards. All the datasets can be made available upon request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are thankful to the Materials Characterization Facility (AMPAC) at University of Central Florida for the XRD analysis. The authors are grateful to Ilana Szlamkowicz and Zachary Murphy for corrections of the manuscript and to Dr. Jonathan Caranto for his assistance with EPR measurements.
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Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Mismel Ruiz Garcia, Mark Richards, and Giovanna Ballerini Ribeiro Gomes. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Mismel Ruiz Garcia, and all the authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. Conceptualization was performed by Vasileios Anagnostopoulos and Mismel Ruiz Garcia.
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Ruiz-Garcia, M., Richards, M., Ballerini Ribeiro Gomes, G. et al. PbO2 reductive dissolution by dissolved Mn(III) in the presence of low molecular weight organic acids and humic acid. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 18540–18548 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32319-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32319-9