Abstract
Intensive livestock production is a source of water, soil, and air contamination. The first aspect that negatively affects the quality of life of residents in the vicinity of piggeries is malodorous aerosols, which are not only responsible for discomfort but can be an etiological factor in the development of various diseases during prolonged exposure. One of the proven and efficient ways to counteract odor emissions is the usage of air biofiltration. The purpose of this study was to qualitatively analyze the bacterial community colonizing the biofilm of a biofilter operating at an industrial piggery in Switzerland. The study material consisted of biofilm and leachate water samples. The microbiological analysis consisted of DNA isolation, amplification of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene fragment (V3-V4), preparation of a library for high-throughput sequencing, high-throughput NGS sequencing, filtering of the obtained sequencing reads, and evaluation of the species composition in the studied samples. The investigation revealed the presence of the following bacterial genera: Pseudochelatococcus, Methyloversatilis, Flexilinea, Deviosia, Chryseobacterium, Kribbia, Leadbetterella, Corynebacterium, Flavobacterium, Xantobacter, Tessaracoccus, Staphylococcus, Thiobacillus, Enhydrobacter, Proteiniclasticum, and Giesbergeria. Analysis of the microbial composition of biofilters provides the opportunity to improve the biofiltration process.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Data Availability
All relevant data supporting the findings of this article are included within the manuscript. Raw data, as well as any additional materials, are available upon request from the corresponding author.
References
Aizpuru A, Malhautier L, Roux JC, Fanlo JL (2001) Biofiltration of a mixture of volatile organic emissions. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 51:1662–1670. https://doi.org/10.1080/10473289.2001.10464388
Allievi MJ, Silveira DD, Cantão ME, Filho PB (2018) Bacterial community diversity in a full scale biofilter treating wastewater odor. Water Sci Technol 77:2014–2022. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2018.114
Bai X, Nakatsu CH, Bhunia AK (2021) Bacterial biofilms and their implications in pathogenesis and food safety. Foods 10:2117. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10092117
Banskota N, Acharya M, Dahal M et al (2021) A review: practical approaches for mitigation of odor from pig farm in Nepal. Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Nepal, pp 163–169
Barbusinski K, Kalemba K, Kasperczyk D et al (2017) Biological methods for odor treatment — a review. J Clean Prod 152:223–241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.03.093
Bona D, Iussig G, Silvestri S (2020) The circular economy concept application to livestock systems: an agroecological approach. CABI Reviews 15(006):1–12. https://doi.org/10.1079/PAVSNNR202015006
Borin S, Marzorati M, Brusetti L et al (2006) Microbial succession in a compost-packed biofilter treating nenzene-contaminated air. Biodegradation 17:79–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10532-005-7565-5
Buczyńska A, Szadkowska-Stańczyk I (2010) Problemy higieny pracy i zagrożenia zdrowotne towarzyszące intensywnej produkcji trzody chlewnej. Medycyna Pracy 3:323–331
Chen H (2009) Mitigating odors from agricultural facilities: a review of literature concerning biofilters. Applied Eng Agriculture 25:751–766. https://doi.org/10.13031/2013.28854
Chen Y, Xiong C, Nie J (2016) Removal of ammonia nitrogen from wastewater using modified activated sludge. Pol J Environ Stud 25:419–425. https://doi.org/10.15244/pjoes/60859
Cheng Y, He H, Yang C et al (2016) Challenges and solutions for biofiltration of hydrophobic volatile organic compounds. Biotechnol Adv 34:1091–1102. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2016.06.007
Chmielowiec-Korzeniowska A, Tymczyna L, Wlazło Ł et al (2022) Emissions of gaseous pollutants from pig farms and methods for their reduction — a review. Annals of Animal Science 22:89–107. https://doi.org/10.2478/aoas-2021-0015
Dumont E (2015) H2S removal from biogas using bioreactors: a review. Int J Energy Environ 6:479–498
Escalante-Estrada VE, Garzón-Zúñiga MA, Valle-Cervantes S, Páez-Lerma JB (2019) Swine wastewater treatment for small farms by a new anaerobic-aerobic biofiltration technology. Water Air Soil Pollut 230:145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-019-4200-3
Eurostat (2021) In: Database - Agriculture - Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/agriculture/database. Accessed 24 Jun 2023
Gao X, Yang F, Cheng J et al (2022) Emission of volatile sulphur compounds during swine manure composting: Source identification, odour mitigation and assessment. Waste Manage 153:129–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2022.08.029
Gavriilidou A, Gutleben J, Versluis D et al (2020) Comparative genomic analysis of Flavobacteriaceae: insights into carbohydrate metabolism, gliding motility and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. BMC Genomics 21:569. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-020-06971-7
Gebicki J, Byliński H, Namieśnik J (2015) Measurement techniques for assessing the olfactory impact of municipal sewage treatment plants. Environ Monit Assess 188:32. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10661-015-5024-2
Girard M, Nikiema J, Brzezinski R et al (2009) A review of the environmental pollution originating from the piggery industry and of the available mitigation technologies: towards the simultaneous biofiltration of swine slurry and methane. Can J Civ Eng 36:1946–1957. https://doi.org/10.1139/L09-141
Gogoi M, Mukherjee I, Ray Chaudhuri S (2022) Characterization of ammonia remover Bacillus albus (ASSF01) in terms of biofilm-forming ability with application in aquaculture effluent treatment. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29:61838–61855. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16021-8
Hasan SA, Jabeen S (2015) Degradation kinetics and pathway of phenol by Pseudomonas and Bacillus species. Biotechnol Equip 29:45–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/13102818.2014.991638
Hejna M, Onelli E, Moscatelli A et al (2021) Heavy-metal phytoremediation from livestock wastewater and exploitation of exhausted biomass. Int J Environ Res Public Health 18:2239. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052239
Ho K-L, Chung Y-C, Tseng C-P (2008) Continuous deodorization and bacterial community analysis of a biofilter treating nitrogen-containing gases from swine waste storage pits. Biores Technol 99:2757–2765. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2007.06.041
Iranpour R, Cox HHJ, Deshusses MA, Schroeder ED (2005) Literature review of air pollution control biofilters and biotrickling filters for odor and volatile organic compound removal. Environ Prog 24:254–267. https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10077
Jang YN, Jung MW (2018) Biochemical changes and biological origin of key odor compound generations in pig slurry during indoor storage periods: a pyrosequencing approach. Biomed Res Int 2018:3503658. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/3503658
Jun Y, Wenfeng X (2009) Ammonia biofiltration and community analysis of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria in biofilters. Biores Technol 100:3869–3876. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2009.03.021
Jung S-Y, Kim H-S, Song JJ et al (2006) Kribbia dieselivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Intrasporangiaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56:2427–2432. https://doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.64459-0
Just N, Kirychuk S, Gilbert Y et al (2011) Bacterial diversity characterization of bioaerosols from cage-housed and floor-housed poultry operations. Environ Res 111:492–498. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2011.01.009
Kennes C, Montes M, López ME, Veiga MC (2009) Waste gas treatment in bioreactors: environmental engineering aspects. Can J Civ Eng 36:1887–1894. https://doi.org/10.1139/L09-113
Kim S, Deshusses M (2005) Understanding the Limits of H2S Degrading biotrickling filters using a differential biotrickling filter. Chem Eng J 113:119–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2005.05.001
Klindworth A, Pruesse E, Schweer T et al (2013) Evaluation of general 16S ribosomal RNA gene PCR primers for classical and next-generation sequencing-based diversity studies. Nucleic Acids Res 41:e1–e1. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gks808
Kristiansen A, Pedersen KH, Nielsen PH et al (2011) Bacterial community structure of a full-scale biofilter treating pig house exhaust air. Syst Appl Microbiol 34:344–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2010.11.022
Malhautier L, Khammar N, Bayle S, Fanlo J-L (2005) Biofiltration of volatile organic compounds. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 68:16–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-005-1960-z
Mi W-X, Xie B, Xu Y-T (2008) Analysis of microbial community in a deodorization biofilter by PCR-sSCP method. Huan Jing Ke Xue 29:1992–1997
Mohd Yusof H, Halimi M, Samsudin AA (2019) Reduction of Hydrogen Sulphide in Chicken Manure by Immobilized Sulphur Oxidising Bacteria Isolated from Hot Spring 47:116–124. https://doi.org/10.4014/mbl.1801.01005
Morawe M, Hoeke H, Wissenbach DK et al (2017) Acidotolerant bacteria and fungi as a sink of methanol-derived carbon in a deciduous forest soil. Front Microbiol 8:1361. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2017.01361
Ni J, Yang H, Chen L et al (2022) Metagenomic analysis of microbial community structure and function in a improved biofilter with odorous gases. Sci Rep 12:1731. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05858-9
Njalam’mano JBJ, Chirwa EMN, (2019) Indigenous butyric acid-degrading bacteria as surrogate pit latrine odour control: isolation, biodegradability performance and growth kinetics. Ann Microbiol 69:107–122. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13213-018-1408-1
Omri I, Bouallagui H, Aouidi F et al (2011) H2S gas biological removal efficiency and bacterial community diversity in biofilter treating wastewater odor. Biores Technol 102:10202–10209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2011.05.094
Piccardo MT, Geretto M, Pulliero A, Izzotti A (2022) Odor emissions: a public health concern for health risk perception. Environ Res 204:112121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2021.112121
Piekarz K, Zawadzka A (2018) The use of biofiltration process to remove malodorous gases from the wastewater treatment plant. Acta Innovations 26:53–61 https://doi.org/10.32933/ActaInnovations.26.6
Post PM, Hogerwerf L, Bokkers EAM et al (2020) Effects of Dutch livestock production on human health and the environment. Sci Total Environ 737:139702. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139702
Reyes J, Toledo M, Michán C et al (2020) Biofiltration of butyric acid: monitoring odor abatement and microbial communities. Environ Res 190:110057. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2020.110057
Rossi E, Pecorini I, Iannelli R (2021) Methane oxidation of residual landfill gas in a full-scale biofilter: human health risk assessment of volatile and malodours compound emissions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 28:24419–24431. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08773-6
Rückert C, Koch DJ, Rey DA et al (2005) Functional genomics and expression analysis of the Corynebacterium glutamicum fpr2-cysIXHDNYZ gene cluster involved in assimilatory sulphate reduction. BMC Genomics 6:121. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2164-6-121
Rzeźnik W, Mielcarek-Bocheńska P (2022) Odors and ammonia emission from a mechanically ventilated fattening piggery on deep litter in Poland. Arch Environ Protection 48(2):86–94
Sercu B, Boon N, Verstraete W, Van Langenhove H (2006) H2S degradation is reflected by both the activity and composition of the microbial community in a compost biofilter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 72:1090–1098. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-006-0382-x
Shen X-H, Zhou N-Y, Liu S-J (2012) Degradation and assimilation of aromatic compounds by Corynebacterium glutamicum: another potential for applications for this bacterium? Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 95:77–89. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-012-4139-4
Skerman AG, Heubeck S, Batstone DJ, Tait S (2017) Low-cost filter media for removal of hydrogen sulphide from piggery biogas. Process Saf Environ Prot 105:117–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2016.11.001
Trabue S, Kerr B, Bearson B, Ziemer C (2011) Swine odor analyzed by odor panels and chemical techniques. J Environ Qual 40:1510–1520. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0522
Wang Y-C, Han M-F, Jia T-P et al (2021) Emissions, measurement, and control of odor in livestock farms: a review. Sci Total Environ 776:145735. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145735
Wysocka I, Gębicki J, Namieśnik J (2019) Technologies for deodorization of malodorous gases. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:9409–9434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-04195-1
Xu X, Lv C, You X et al (2017) Nitrogen removal and microbial diversity of activated sludge entrapped in modified poly(vinyl alcohol)–sodium alginate gel. Int Biodeterior Biodegradation 125:243–250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2017.07.014
Yang F, Han B, Gu Y, Zhang K (2020) Swine liquid manure: a hotspot of mobile genetic elements and antibiotic resistance genes. Sci Rep 10:15037. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72149-6
Yasuda T, Waki M, Fukumoto Y et al (2017) Characterization of the denitrifying bacterial community in a full-scale rockwool biofilter for compost waste-gas treatment. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 101:6779–6792. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-017-8398-y
Zeng T, Li D, Jiang X et al (2016) Microbial characteristics of an ANAMMOX biofilter for sewage treatment. Journal of Water Process Engineering 12:105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwpe.2016.07.002
Zha J, Zhao Z, Xiao Z et al (2023) Biosystem design of Corynebacterium glutamicum for bioproduction. Curr Opin Biotechnol 79:102870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copbio.2022.102870
Funding
This work was supported by the Smart Growth Program: R&D and manufacturing of a prototype installation for purification of used air from pig breeding buildings, together with testing no. POIR.01.01.01–00-0330/17.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Contributions
All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Z. Paluszak, B. Breza-Barbara, P. Kanarek, and G. Gryń. The first draft of the manuscript was written by P. Kanarek and Z. Paluszak, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Ethics approval
Not applicable.
Consent to participate
The authors agreed with being involved in the research project.
Consent for publication
The authors are willing to permit the journal to publish the article.
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing interests.
Additional information
Responsible Editor: Diane Purchase
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Paluszak, Z., Kanarek, P., Gryń, G. et al. Deodorizing bacterial consortium: community analysis of biofilms and leachate water collected from an air biofiltration system in a piggery. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 18993–19001 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32223-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32223-2