Abstract
In this study, a muti-residue analysis method of 40 pesticides in five different categories of fruits in China was developed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS). Five hundred real samples were analyzed and assessed for the dietary exposure risk. The sample treatment method was optimized by comparing four clean-up methods. The matrix effects of different fruits were evaluated. The analytical method was validated in terms of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, and precision. The results showed that the optimal method was the treatment by clean up with ODS (octadecylsilane) and MgSO4. The matrix effect was the strongest in orange and weakest in apple. The LOD and LOQ of pesticides were 0.04–5.9 μg kg−1 and 0.13–19.5 μg kg−1, respectively. The recoveries at three spiked levels were ranged from 71.2 to 115.2% with the RSDs from 0.1 to 19.6%. Twenty-two pesticides were detected in 500 fruit samples from the major production regions of China, with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1930 μg kg−1. A total of 13, 10, 9, 8, and 4 pesticides were detected in peach, orange, grape, apple, and strawberry. Both the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and acute reference dose (ARfD) for all the detected pesticides were lower than 100%, indicating that the dietary intake risks are acceptable and would not pose potential health risks.
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Funding
This research was funded by the Shandong Key R&D Plan (Agricultural Variety Project) (2022LZGCQY008), Scientific Research Foundation for High Level Talents of Qingdao Agricultural University (665-1120015), China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-27), and the Science and Technology Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS-ASTIP).
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Zhen Yan: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, writing — original draft, and writing — review and editing. Jiyun Nie: conceptualization, formal analysis, funding acquisition, project administration, and writing — review and editing. Yang Cheng: read, review, and editing. Lingxi Han: review and editing. Saqib Farooq: investigation and review.
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Yan, ., Nie, J., Cheng, Y. et al. Method development, validation, and risk assessment of multiple pesticide residues of fruits in China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 18826–18841 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32198-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32198-0