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Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols in relation to oxidative stress: single pollutant and mixtures analyses

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Abstract

Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols have been shown to be linked with adverse birth outcomes. Oxidative stress (OS) is considered a potential mechanism. The objective of this study was to explore the individual and mixtures of prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols in associations with OS biomarkers. We measured eight phthalate metabolites and three bisphenols in the urine samples from 105 pregnant women in Wuhan, China. Urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 8-isoprostaglandin F2α (8-isoPGF2α), and 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal-mercapturic acid (HNE-MA) were determined as OS biomarkers. The OS biomarkers in associations with the individual chemicals were estimated by linear regression models and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and their associations with the chemical mixtures were explored by quantile g-computation (qg-comp) models. In single-pollutant analyses, five phthalate metabolites including monomethyl phthalate (MMP), monoethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (MEHP), (2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono (2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP) were positively associated with urinary 8-OHdG levels (all FDR-adjusted P = 0.06). These associations were further confirmed by the RCS models and were linear (P for overall association ≤ 0.05 and P for non-linear association > 0.05). In mixture analyses, qg-comp models showed that a one-quartile increase in the chemical mixtures of phthalate metabolites and bisphenols was positively associated with urinary levels of 8-OHdG and 8-isoPGF2α, and bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF) were the most contributing chemicals, respectively. Prenatal exposures to individual phthalates and mixtures of phthalates and bisphenols were associated with higher OS levels.

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Acknowledgements

We are particularly thankful to all the participants in this study for providing the biological samples, and to the staff members for recruiting the pregnant women in the hospital.

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872585) and Chongqing Science and Technology Bureau, China (2019cstc-jbky-01702).

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  1. Jia-Yue Zeng and Min Zhang equally contributed

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Jia-Yue Zeng, Min Zhang, Yan-Ling Deng, Pan-Pan Chen, Yu Miao, Fei-Peng Cui, Tian Shi, Ting-Ting Lu, Xiao-Ying Liu, Yang Wu, Cheng-Ru Li & Qiang Zeng

  2. Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China

    Jia-Yue Zeng, Min Zhang, Yan-Ling Deng, Pan-Pan Chen, Yu Miao, Fei-Peng Cui, Tian Shi, Ting-Ting Lu, Xiao-Ying Liu, Yang Wu, Cheng-Ru Li & Qiang Zeng

  3. NHC Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Reproductive Health, Chongqing Population and Family Planning Science and Technology Research Institute, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China

    Xu-Hui Chen & Chang-Jiang Liu

  4. Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China

    Chong Liu

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Contributions

Jia-Yue Zeng: data curation, formal analysis, and writing—original draft preparation. Min Zhang: data curation and investigation. Xu-Hui Chen: data curation and investigation. Chong Liu: data curation. Yan-Ling Deng: investigation. Pan-Pan Chen: investigation. Yu Miao: investigation. Fei-Peng Cui: investigation. Tian Shi: investigation. Ting-Ting Lu: investigation. Xiao-Ying Liu: investigation. Yang Wu: investigation. Cheng-Ru Li: investigation. Chang-Jiang Liu: supervision. Qiang Zeng: writing—reviewing and editing.

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Correspondence to Qiang Zeng.

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Zeng, JY., Zhang, M., Chen, XH. et al. Prenatal exposures to phthalates and bisphenols in relation to oxidative stress: single pollutant and mixtures analyses. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 13954–13964 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32032-7

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