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Dynamic of CO2 adsorption in a fixed bed of microporous and mesoporous activated carbon impregnated with sodium hydroxide and the application of response surface methodology (RSM) for determining optimal adsorption conditions

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Abstract

Microporous and mesoporous activated carbon produced from longan-seed biomass were impregnated with NaOH and used to capture CO2 from a simulated flue gas in a fixed-bed column. The process variables that were studied included types of activated carbon as characterized by the volume ratio of micropores and mesopores (Vmic/Vmes), adsorption temperature, NaOH loading, gas feed rate and the adsorbent amount. All five process variables affected the two important breakthrough parameters, namely the breakthrough time (tB) and CO2 adsorption capacity at breakthrough time (qB), with different trends and degrees. However, it was only the NaOH loading that showed a characteristic of an optimum loading that provided the maximum of the breakthrough parameters. It was found that an approximate 45% increase in the adsorbed amount of CO2 could be achieved with the activated carbon impregnated with around 1 weight % NaOH solution as compared to the case of the non-impregnated carbon. The response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to develop the correlations for both tB and qB and the maximum predicted qB of 33.58 mg/g was derived at the NaOH loading of 76.5 mg/g carbon, Vmic/Vmes of 2.83, adsorption temperature of 20°C, gas feed rate of 156 kg/m2-h and adsorbent amount of 51 kg/m2 of column cross-section area. The Klinkenberg’s breakthrough model was able to describe the CO2 breakthrough curves reasonably well for all the tested conditions. The analysis of the two model parameters, the affinity constant (K) and the effective pore diffusivity (De), revealed that the optimum Vmic/Vmes that provided the maximum K value was around 2.90, corresponding to the activated carbon that contains 74% and 26% by volume of micropores and mesopores, respectively. The proper volume ratio of micropores and mesopores along with alkali addition into activated carbon can be effectively used for maximizing CO2 adsorption in a fixed-bed adsorption system.

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Funding

The authors would like to gratefully thank the financial support provided by the National Research Council of Thailand (NRCT) via the Royal Golden Jubilee (RGJ) Ph.D. scholarship, batch number 21, grant number PHD/0214/2561. The authors also acknowledge Suranaree University of Technology for providing the research facilities.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Chemical Engineering, Institute of Engineering, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand

    Prapatsorn Borisut, Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai & Aroonsri Nuchitprasittichai

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  1. Prapatsorn Borisut
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  2. Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai
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Contributions

Chaiyot Tangsathitkulchai provided conceptualization and methodology. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Prapatsorn Borisut. The part of experimental design and development of correlations by the RSM was written by Aroonsri Nuchitprasittichai. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Prapatsorn Borisut and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Prapatsorn Borisut.

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Borisut, P., Tangsathitkulchai, C. & Nuchitprasittichai, A. Dynamic of CO2 adsorption in a fixed bed of microporous and mesoporous activated carbon impregnated with sodium hydroxide and the application of response surface methodology (RSM) for determining optimal adsorption conditions. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 13833–13855 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-32013-w

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