Abstract
A large amount of open-dumped electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) has posed a severe threat to the ecosystem and public health due to the leaching of ammonia (NH4+) and manganese (Mn). In this study, CaO addition coupled with low-temperature roasting was applied for the treatment of EMR. The effects of roasting temperature, roasting time, CaO-EMR mass ratio and solid–liquid ratio were investigated. The most cost-effective and practically viable condition was explored through response surface methodology. At a CaO: EMR ratio of 1:16.7, after roasting at 187 °C for 60 min, the leaching concentrations of NH4+ and Mn dropped to 10.18 mg/L and 1.05 mg/L, respectively, below their discharge standards. In addition, the magnesium hazard (MH) of EMR, which was often neglected, was studied. After treatment, the MH of the EMR leachate was reduced from 60 to 37. Mechanism analysis reveals that roasting can promote NH4+ to escape as NH3 and convert dihydrate gypsum to hemihydrate gypsum. Mn2+ and Mg2+ were mainly solidified as MnO2 and Mg(OH)2, respectively. This study proposes an efficient and low-cost approach for the treatment of EMR and provides valuable information for its practical application.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22276063 and 21836002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFA0210403), and the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2020B121201003).
Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22276063 and 21836002), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2019YFA0210403), and the Guangdong Science and Technology Program (2020B121201003).
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Methodology: Lirong Huang, Xiaoqin Li; Investigation: Lirong Huang, Qingrui Li, Qian Wang; Data curation: Lirong Huang; Visualization: Lirong Huang; Writing—original draft: Lirong Huang; Writing—review & editing: Lirong Huang, Xiaoqin Li, Feiping Zhao, Weizhen, Liu; Funding acquisition: Xiaoqin Li, Weizhen, Liu; Conceptualization: Xiaoqin Li; Supervision: Xiaoqin Li.
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Huang, L., Li, X., Li, Q. et al. Ammonia removal and simultaneous immobilization of manganese and magnesium from electrolytic manganese residue by a low-temperature CaO roasting process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 11321–11333 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31895-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-024-31895-0