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Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin counteract salt-mediated ionic toxicity in wheat seedlings: an ecofriendly and sustainable approach

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Abstract

Over-accumulating salts in soil are hazardous materials that interfere with the biochemical pathways in growing plants drastically affecting their physiological attributes, growth, and productivity. Soil salinization poses severe threats to highly-demanded and important crops directly challenging food security and sustainable productivity. Recently, there has been a great demand to exploit natural sources for the development of nontoxic nanoformulations of growth enhancers and stress emulators. The chitosan (CS) has growth-stimulating properties and widespread use as nanocarriers, while curcumin (CUR) has a well-established high ROS scavenging potential. Herein, we use CS and CUR for the preparation of CSNPs encapsulating CUR as an ecofriendly nanopriming agent. The hydroprimed, nanoprimed (0.02 and 0.04%), and unprimed (control) wheat seeds were germinated under salt stress (150 mM NaCl) and normal conditions. The seedlings established from the aforementioned seeds were employed for germination studies and biochemical analyses. Priming imprints mitigated the ionic toxicity by upregulating the machinery of antioxidants (CAT, POD, APX, and SOD), photosynthetic pigments (Chl a, Chl b, total Chl, and lycopene), tannins, flavonoids, and protein contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress. It controlled ROS production and avoided structural injuries, thus reducing MDA contents and regulating osmoregulation. The nanopriming-induced readjustments in biochemical attributes counteracted the ionic toxicity and positively influenced the growth parameters including final germination, vigor, and germination index. It also reduced the mean germination time, significantly validating the growth-stimulating and stress-emulating role of the prepared nanosystem. Hence, the nanopriming conferred tolerance against salt stress during germination and seedling development, ensuring sustainable growth.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Arruje Hameed

  2. Department of Applied Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Waqas Maqsood & Tahir Farooq

  3. Plant Breeding & Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan

    Amjad Hameed

  4. Department of Chemistry, Division of Science & Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan

    Muhammad Abdul Qayyum

  5. Department of Chemistry, Riphah International University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Toheed Ahmed

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AH1: study design. WM: data curation and characterization. AH2: supervision of growth studies and biochemical analysis. MAQ: material preparation, resources, and proofreading. TA: characterization. TF: conceptualization and write-up. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Hameed, A., Maqsood, W., Hameed, A. et al. Chitosan nanoparticles encapsulating curcumin counteract salt-mediated ionic toxicity in wheat seedlings: an ecofriendly and sustainable approach. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8917–8929 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31768-y

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