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Optimal site selection for construction and demolition waste disposal using GIS-FAHP: a case study from Kafr El Sheikh City, Egypt

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Abstract

The increasing number of building and demolition projects results in huge amounts of construction and demolition wastes (CDWs) that are illegally dumped. However, these wastes must be disposed of in appropriate legal sites to protect the environment and human health. After reviewing the literature, no prior research examined optimal site selection for dumping or recycling CDW in an Egyptian city. Furthermore, the absence of field surveys did not offer a holistic understanding of the specific criteria used in the model for this region, nor did it permit an assessment of the suitability of existing dumpsites, thereby revealing certain limitations in the final results. In this regard, this research aims to apply a multi-criteria geographic information system (GIS)-based framework to identify an optimal site for CDW disposal in Kafr El Sheikh City. The criteria affecting the site selection are identified and categorized from prior literature, which are further refined using field surveys and focus group to evaluate their applicability in the context of an Egyptian city. After conducting questionnaire surveys, the trapezoidal interval type II fuzzy analytic hierarchy process is applied to compute the weights of the identified criteria from the perspective of each group of experts. The entropy-based aggregation approach is employed to identify the compromise weights taking into account the preferences of different groups. GIS is a powerful tool for geoprocessing and analyzing spatial big data. The result is a scenario map for the optimal site locations with varying suitability scales (i.e., excellent, very good, good, average, poor, and very poor). The proposed methodology provides what-if scenarios based on a selected set of criteria. According to the results of the multi-criteria decision analysis models, the suitability varies based on the weights of the criteria. For the equal-weighted criteria model, the excellent category covers 5.96% of the study area, increasing to 6.48% for the weighted criteria model. These areas primarily lie in the northeast direction. Conversely, the majority of the study area, 41.80% under equal-weighted criteria and 32.39% under weighted criteria, falls within the average and poor suitability categories, respectively. In general, the most suitable areas are located on the outskirts of the city, and the suitability decreases near the central business district. To bridge the gap between research findings and practical applications, a land use analysis employing satellite imagery is conducted to pinpoint suitable locations for CDW disposal. Existing CDW dumpsites predominantly fall within the range of poor to very good for the equal-weighted criteria model, while the weighted criteria model categorizes them into the poor (16.66%) and average (83.33%) categories. The findings demonstrated the applicability of the proposed framework for CDW disposal management and planning.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge that the data relevant to official and unofficial disposal sites was gathered as a part of a project entitled “Construction and demolition waste quantification, characterization, and composition in four governorates.” The project was conducted by the Housing and Building National Research Center in collaboration with the Egyptian Ministry of Environment, with funding provided by Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Construction and Project Management Research Institute, Housing and Building National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt

    Nehal Elshaboury & Amr Hesham

  2. Construction Engineering Management Program, Arab Academy for Science, Technology & Maritime Transport, Giza, Egypt

    Amr Hesham

  3. Department of Geography and GIS, Faculty of African Postgraduate Studies, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt

    Wael M. AlMetwaly

  4. GIS Expert at General Organization of Physical Planning, Ministry of Housing, Utilities, and Urban Communities, Cairo, Egypt

    Wael M. AlMetwaly

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  1. Nehal Elshaboury
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Contributions

Conceptualization, N.E.; methodology, N.E. and W.A.; formal analysis, N.E. and W.A.; data curation, N.E., A.H., and W.A.; investigation, N.E., A.H., and W.A.; writing—original draft preparation, N.E. and W.A.; writing—review and editing, N.E., A.H., and W.A. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Nehal Elshaboury.

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Elshaboury, N., Hesham, A. & AlMetwaly, W.M. Optimal site selection for construction and demolition waste disposal using GIS-FAHP: a case study from Kafr El Sheikh City, Egypt. Environ Sci Pollut Res 31, 8223–8239 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31637-8

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