Abstract
With the continuous promotion of urbanization in China, the economic level of small and medium-sized cities has been further improved. The transportation industry is crucial in promoting urban–rural integration and construction. Still, motor vehicle emissions also bring air pollution problems to cities, with heavy-duty diesel vehicle emissions severely impacting the urban environment. This study used a bottom-up approach to analyze the spatial emission characteristics of heavy-duty diesel vehicles under different road types in Kunming, a typical medium-sized city in China. A high-resolution emission inventory (1 km × 1 km) of heavy-duty diesel vehicles was developed using the vehicle emission inventory model (VEIN) and ArcGIS, and the vehicle emission standards were determined by the Weibull survival rate curve. The VEIN emission model was optimized using a velocity correction curve. The results showed that heavy-duty vehicles had a more significant impact on the emissions during the morning and evening peak hours, with low emission levels during the day and high emission levels at night and early morning. The total daily emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5) from heavy-duty diesel vehicles in Motorway, Trunk, Primary, Secondary, and Tertiary were 14.44 tons, 5.26 tons, 4.78 tons, 7.02 tons, and 3.83 tons, respectively. China III heavy-duty diesel vehicles mainly contributed to CO, HC, NOx, and PM emissions. This study can be used as an essential reference for controlling the exhaust emissions of HDDVs in Kunming.
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The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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The data sets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
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Funding
This work is financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (No. 51968065), Yunnan Provincial High-Level Talent Support Project (No. YNWR-QNBJ-2018–066 and YNQR-CYRC-2019–001) and the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education Scientific Research Fund Project (No. 2020J0418). The author also expresses his deep gratitude to the teachers and students for their help in learning.
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Jiachen Xu: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition. Chao He: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—Review & Editing, Supervision. Jiaqiang Li: Conceptualization, Methodology, Investigation, Writing—original draft, Writing—review & editing, Funding acquisition, Supervision. Longqing Zhao: Conceptualization, Methodology, Resources, Writing—Review & Editing. Yanlin Chen: Resources, Data Curation, Writing—Original Draft. Yangyang Bai: Writing—Original Draft, Visualization. Ju Li: Writing—Original Draft. Hao Wang: Writing—Original Draft. Zhenyu Chen: Writing—Original Draft. Zhenyu Qiu: Writing—Original Draft.
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Xu, J., He, C., Li, J. et al. Spatial–temporal distribution characteristics of pollutants of heavy-duty diesel vehicles in urban road networks: a case study of Kunming City. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 126072–126087 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31084-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-31084-5