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Green biodegradable dielectric material made from PLA and electron beam irradiated luffa cylindrica fiber: devices for a sustainable future

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Abstract

The growing prevalence of polymer-based plastics in the environment is an imminent risk to the natural world. As an immediate consequence of this, extensive research has been launched over the course of the past few decades in an effort to reduce the damage that manmade plastics cause to the natural environment. The current study attempts to explore the biodegradability of polylactic acid (PLA), a bio-compatible plastic, by incorporating small amount of electron beam irradiated natural fibers (2 to 10%) derived from luffa cylindrica (LC) at varying irradiation doses (0.5 Gy, 1 Gy, and 2 Gy). Natural fiber surface treatment using electron beam irradiation is effective and environmentally friendly. The biodegradation of composites was studied for 90 days in sand, soil, compost, brackish water, fresh water, salt water, and bacterial and fungal conditions. Maximum decomposition was observed in the composite sample (PLA/10% wt of LC fiber at 2.0 Gy) at 15.42% and 4.73% in bacterial and soil environments. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy validated the fiber and PLAs crystallinity and molecular interaction. The derivative thermo-gravimetric curve (DTGA) showed that electron beam irradiation removed moisture, hemicelluloses, and lignin from hydrophilic fibers. The incorporation of LC fibers into the bio-composites resulted in an increase in the glass transition temperature (Tg), melting temperature (Tm), and crystallization temperature (Tc). Additionally, after LC fiber reinforcement, the composites’ dielectric properties were enhanced.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are indebted to the Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India, for providing laboratory support for undertaking the experiments.

Funding

This research was funded by DST, Government of Odishavide Project No. 1184/ST-(BIO)-02/2017.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, 751004, India

    Swarnalata Tripathy & Chinmay Pradhan

  2. Department of Physics, Odisha University of Agriculture & Technology, Bhubaneswar, 751003, India

    Subhashree Patra & Chhatrapati Parida

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  1. Swarnalata Tripathy
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  2. Subhashree Patra
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  3. Chhatrapati Parida
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  4. Chinmay Pradhan
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Contributions

Formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft, and investigation: S.T.; review and editing and data curation: S.P.; writing, review and editing, conceptualization, methodology, and data curation: C.P.; methodology, conceptualization, data curation, project administration, and supervision: C.P. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Chinmay Pradhan.

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Highlights

• Electron beam irradiation is a very effective and ecologically benign method of treating the surface of natural fibres.

• Composites of poly lactic acid (PLA) and luffa cylindrica(LC) fibres with varying irradiation doses (0.5Gy, 1Gy, and 2Gy) are studied for their biodegradability.

• Most degradation occurred in the composite sample (PLA/10% wt of LC fibre at 2.0Gy), with rates of 15.42% and 4.73% in bacterial and soil environments, respectively.

• Thus the present work aspires to contribute to the goal of creating next-generation electronic gadgets in a sustainable way.

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Tripathy, S., Patra, S., Parida, C. et al. Green biodegradable dielectric material made from PLA and electron beam irradiated luffa cylindrica fiber: devices for a sustainable future. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 114078–114094 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-30477-w

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