Abstract
Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo (D. officinale) is a traditional Chinese medicine homologous to food, and its safety has attracted considerable attention. Pesticide residues are critical indicators for evaluating the safety of D. officinale. This study investigated the levels of 130 pesticides in 137 stem samples and 82 leaf samples from five main production areas of D. officinale in Zhejiang Province, along with the associated risk of dietary exposure for the population between 2019 and 2021. Forty-five pesticides were detected in 171 samples, of which pyraclostrobin had the highest detection frequency. Multiple residues were detected in 52.56% of the stem samples and 54.88% of the leaf samples, and one stem sample contained up to 18 pesticides. Here, the level of difenoconazole in three samples (two stem samples and one leaf sample) was higher than the maximum residue limit (MRL) in China. Considering the possible health risks related to pesticide residues, a risk assessment of human exposure to pesticides via the intake of D. officinale stems and leaves was evaluated, indicating negligible short-term, long-term, and cumulative risks to human health. However, considering the high detection rate of unregistered pesticides, the supplementation of pesticide registration information on D. officinale should be expedited, and MRLs should be established to ensure food and drug safety.
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The authors would like to thank the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China for its invaluable support through the National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFF0213406 & 2018YFF0213505).
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All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by Caixia Sun, Yuhong Liu, Ke Bei, Weiran Zheng. The first draft of the manuscript was written byYuhong Liu and revised by Caixia Sun. Formal analysis was carried out by Ke Bei, Weiran Zheng, Guoguang Yu. All authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.
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Liu, Y., Bei, K., Zheng, W. et al. Multiple pesticide residues and risk assessment of Dendrobium officinale Kimura et Migo: a three-year investigation. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 107827–107840 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29892-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29892-w