Abstract
Acrylamide (ACR) is known to be a neurotoxic agent for humans and animals that has many applications in industry. Alpha-mangostin is a natural antioxidant that is extracted from mangosteen. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of alpha-mangostin against ACR-induced neurotoxicity in rats and PC12 cells. Male Wistar rats were used in this investigation for 11 days, divided into 8 groups: 1. control group (normal saline), 2. ACR (50 mg/kg, i.p.), 3–6. ACR + alpha-mangostin (20, 40, 60 mg/kg, p.o.), 7. ACR + vitamin E (200 mg/kg, i.p., every other day) 8. alpha-mangostin (60 mg/kg, p.o.). On the last day of the study, the behavioral test was performed. The amounts of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) were measured. Also, the effects of ACR and alpha-mangostin were assessed by MTT assay on PC12 cells, and the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2), Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), and cleaved caspase-3 proteins were measured by Western blotting. Receiving ACR caused motor disorders in animals, increased MDA, and decreased GSH levels of the cerebral cortex versus the control group. Alpha-mangostin (60 mg/kg) reduced ACR motility disorders, MDA amounts, and augmented GSH levels. The concurrent administration of vitamin E and ACR reduced gait score, MDA level, and amplified GSH content versus the ACR group. In the in vitro section, alpha-mangostin (1.25 µM, 24 h) increased cell viability, attenuated ROS, Bax/Bcl-2, and cleaved caspase-3 levels versus the ACR group. Alpha-mangostin reduced the toxicity of ACR by inhibiting oxidative stress and apoptosis. Therefore, it could be a promising compound for managing ACR-induced neurotoxicity.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Pharmaceutical Research Center and the Vice-Chancellor of Research, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
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This dissertation has been financially supported by the Vice Chancellor for Research of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.
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Dr. Hossein Hosseinzadeh and Dr. Bibi Marjan Razavi supervised the whole project, conceived the original idea, verified the analytical methods, and checked the whole procedure and paper. Farivar Ghobakhlou did the experiments and analyzed the data. Farhad Eisvand helped in doing the experiments and analyzing the data. Mahboobeh Ghasemzadeh Rahbardar wrote the manuscript. All authors have read and approved the paper.
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Ghobakhlou, F., Eisvand, F., Razavi, B.M. et al. Evaluating the effect of alpha-mangostin on neural toxicity induced by acrylamide in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 95789–95800 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29162-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-29162-9