Abstract
Glowing Episcia lilacina was generated through foliar application of the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio campbellii RMT1. Firstly, different nutrient formulas were tested, incorporating yeast extract and various inorganic salts, such as CaCl2, MgCl2, MgSO4, KH2PO4, K2HPO4, and NaCl, in order to enhance bacterial growth and light emission. The combination of 0.15% of yeast extract and 0.3% of CaCl2 in a nutrient broth (NB) + 1% NaCl medium extended light emission to 24 h and resulted in higher light intensity compared to other combinations of yeast extract and inorganic salts. The peak intensity reached approximately 1.26 × 108 relative light units (RLU) at 7 h. The optimal presence of inorganic salt ions likely contributed to enhanced light emission, while the yeast extract acted as a nutrient source. Secondly, the effect of proline on salt-induced stress symptoms was investigated by applying 20 mM proline to the glowing plant. Additionally, a 0.5% agar nutrient was spread on the leaves prior to bacteria application to support bacterial growth and penetration. Exogenous proline application led to a significant accumulation of proline in plant cells, resulting in decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. However, the proline accumulation also reduced the light intensity of the bioluminescent bacteria. This study demonstrates the potential for generating light on a living plant using bioluminescent bacteria. Further understanding of the interaction between plants and light-emitting bacteria could contribute to the development of sustainably light-emitting plants.
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Data availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank Research and Innovation for Sustainability Centre (RISC) and Magnolia Quality Development Corporation Limited (MQDC) for supporting our project.
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This project is funded by the School of Bioresources and Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi.
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Hsu Myat Thar: methodology, investigation, data curation, formal analysis, validation, writing—original draft; Chairat Treesubsuntorn: review and editing; Paitip Thiravetyan: resources, supervision, review, and editing; Rujira Dolphen: conceptualization, data curation, formal analysis, validation, writing—review and editing.
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Thar, H.M., Treesubsuntorn, C., Thiravetyan, P. et al. Development of light-emitting Episcia lilacina leaf by applying Vibrio campbellii RMT1 and extending the glowing by CaCl2 and yeast extract. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28657-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28657-9