Abstract
The present work presents the results obtained in the production of vanillin-doped alginate biopolymeric film using green chemistry methodology. Alginate dressings are already a therapeutic reality, but they act only by maintaining the appropriate environment for healing. In order to improve their properties, the incorporation of vanillin was proposed due to its antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Different biopolymeric films were produced employing the experiment planning through response surface analysis, which allowed determining the best region for a medium value of solubility and high degree of swelling. This region refers to values above 0.07 g of CaCl2 and concentrations above 0.024 g of vanillin, triggering solubility between 25 and 30% and a degree of swelling above 100% and with fixed values of alginate (0.85 g). Such data are related to experiments (A), (B), and (C) listed in Table 1. Regarding the optimization of the process, the normal boundary intersection (NBI) method allowed the analysis of concave regions, predicting the optimal points and generating the Pareto chart with equidistant limits. The antimicrobial test allowed observing the antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa microorganisms from the biopolymeric films, as well as a solution of vanillin with calcium chloride and glycerol obtaining a halo of inhibition only in the presence of vanillin, and there was no significant difference between the results obtained in the experiments (A) and (B). The thermal analyses showed that the material has thermal stability in the ideal temperature range (~ 25 °C) for application as a biocurative. We preliminarily concluded that the alginate biopolymeric film doped with vanillin prepared using green chemical methodology presents antimicrobial properties and thermal stability that indicate its potential use as biocurative.
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The data used in this study can be provided by the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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This work was supported by the Federal University of São João Del Rei/ UFSJ.
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Letícia Silveira contributed and led the main experiments in designing and writing the manuscript; Fabiano Luiz Naves guided the planning of the experiments performed (DOE); Boutros Sarrouh guided all biological experiments performed and reviewed this manuscript; Igor José Boggione Santos performed and discussed all thermal analyses presented. Renata Carolina Zanetti Lofrano oriented the student Letícia Silveira, participated in the writing and reviewing of the manuscript text. All authors contributed to the discussion of the manuscript results.
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Silveira, L., Naves, F.L., Santos, I.J.B. et al. Green chemistry production of biopolymeric film-derived biomaterial prepared using natural alginate and vanillin compounds for application as a biocurative. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 96965–96976 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28529-2
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28529-2