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Exposure and hazard of bisphenol A, S and F: a multi-biomarker approach in three-spined stickleback

  • Environmental Observation and Monitoring through Space and Time: A Challenge for Ecotoxicology
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Abstract

Due to the estrogenic behavior of bisphenol (BP) A, industries have developed many substitutes, such as BPS and BPF. However, due to their structural similarities, adverse effects on reproduction are currently observed in various organisms, including fish. Even if new results have shown impacts of these bisphenols on many other physiological functions, their mode of action remains unclear. In this context, we proposed to better understand the impact of BPA, BPS, and BPF on immune responses (leucocyte sub-populations, cell death, respiratory burst, lysosomal presence, and phagocytic activity) and on biomarkers of metabolic detoxification (ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase, EROD, and glutathione S-transferase, GST) and oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase, GPx, and lipid peroxidation with thiobarbituric acid reactive substance method, TBARS) in an adult sentinel fish species, the three-spined stickleback. In order to enhance our understanding of how biomarkers change over time, it is essential to determine the internal concentration responsible for the observed responses. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the toxicokinetics of bisphenols. Thus, sticklebacks were exposed either to 100 μg/L of BPA, BPF or BPS for 21 days, or for seven days to 10 and 100 μg/L of BPA or BPS followed by seven days of depuration. Although BPS has very different TK, due to its lower bioaccumulation compared to BPA and BPF, BPS affect oxidative stress and phagocytic activity in the same way. For those reasons, the replacement of BPA by any substitute should be made carefully in terms of risk assessment on aquatic ecosystems.

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Funding

This work was supported by the French National program EC2CO (Ecosphère Continentale et Côtière) as part of the DERBI project and by the French Ministry of ecological transition (P190). This work was carried out in the framework of the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) and has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon Europe research and innovation programme under Grant Agreement No 101057014. Views and opinions expressed are however those of the author(s) only and do not necessarily reflect those of the European Union or the Health and Digital Executive Agency. Neither the European Union nor the granting authority can be held responsible for them.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Experimental Toxicology and Modelling Unit, INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 65550, Verneuil en Halatte, France

    Corentin Mit & Rémy Beaudouin

  2. Ecotoxicology of Substances and Fields Unit, INERIS, UMR-I 02 SEBIO, 65550, Verneuil en Halatte, France

    Corentin Mit, Olivier Palluel, Cyril Turiès & Anne Bado-Nilles

  3. CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Institut des Sciences Analytiques, UMR 5280, 5 rue de la Doua, F-69100, Villeurbanne, France

    Gaëlle Daniele & Barbara Giroud

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  1. Corentin Mit
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  2. Rémy Beaudouin
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  7. Anne Bado-Nilles
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Contributions

Corentin MIT: methodology, formal analysis, investigation, visualization, project administration, and writing—original draft. Rémy Beaudouin: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, visualization, supervision, and project administration. Olivier Palluel: investigation. Cyril Turiès: investigation and project administration. Gaëlle Daniele: formal analysis and investigation. Barbara Giroud: formal analysis and investigation. Anne Bado-Nilles: conceptualization, methodology, formal analysis, investigation, writing—original draft, visualization, supervision, and project administration. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Anne Bado-Nilles.

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Experimental protocols were conducted following the European directive 2010/63/UE for the protection of animals used for scientific purposes at INERIS, registration number E60–769–02. The experimental protocols were submitted and reviewed by a French nationally recognized ethical committee, CREMEAPS, registration number 96.

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Mit, C., Beaudouin, R., Palluel, O. et al. Exposure and hazard of bisphenol A, S and F: a multi-biomarker approach in three-spined stickleback. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28462-4

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