Abstract
Our study aims to highlight the effects of the addition of phosphogypsum on certain fresh and hardened characteristics of geopolymer matrices based on metakaolin or fly ash. In the fresh state, workability and setting were studied by rheology and by the electrical conductivity measurement. The hardened state was characterized by XRD, DTA, SEM, and compressive strength measurement. Workability investigations reveal that the addition of phosphogypsum increases the viscosity, which limited the phosphogypsum addition rate to 15 wt% for metakaolin-based matrices and 12 wt% for fly ash-based matrices, with a setting retarding effect in both cases. Analyses of the matrices show dissolution of gypsum along with formation of sodium sulfate and calcium silicate hydrate. Moreover, the introduction of phosphogypsum to these matrices up to a mass rate of 6% has no significant effect on the mechanical strength. Beyond that rate, the compressive strength drops from a value of 55 MPa for the matrices without addition down to 35 MPa and 25 MPa when the addition rate is 12 wt% for the metakaolin-based and fly ash-based matrix, respectively. This degradation seems to be due to the increase in porosity created by addition of phosphogypsum.
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Acknowledgements
The authors would like to acknowledge the support through the R&D Initiative—Appel à projets autour des phosphates APPHOS—sponsored by OCP, OCP Foundation, R&D OCP, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, National Center of Scientific and Technical Research CNRST, Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training of Morocco.
Funding
This research is funded by the R&D Initiative—Appel à projets autour des phosphates APPHOS—sponsored by OCP, OCP Foundation, R&D OCP, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, National Center of Scientific and Technical Research CNRST, Ministry of Higher Education, Scientific Research and Professional Training of Morocco MESRSFC under the project ID * MAT-MOS-01/2017*.
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Conceptualization: Rabii Hattaf, Azzeddine Samdi, and Redouane Moussa. Methodology: Redouane Moussa and Azzeddine Samdi. Validation: Nouha Lahlou, Abdelilah Aboulayt, and Redouane Moussa. Formal analysis: Nouha Lahlou, Mohamed Ouazzani Touhami. Investigation: Rabii Hattaf. Resources: Mohamed Ouazzani Touhami and Moussa Gomina. Data curation: Rabii Hattaf. Writing original draft preparation: Rabii Hattaf, Redouane Moussa, and Moussa Gomina. Visualization: Rabii Hattaf. Supervision: Azzeddine Samdi, Abdelilah Aboulayt. Funding acquisition: Redouane Moussa and Moussa Gomina. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
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Hattaf, R., Aboulayt, A., Lahlou, N. et al. Effect of phosphogypsum adding on setting kinetics and mechanical strength of geopolymers based on metakaolin or fly ash matrices. Environ Sci Pollut Res (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27861-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27861-x