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Experimental investigation of the effect of landfill leachate on the mechanical and cracking behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced compacted clay liner

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Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the effect of leachate on the geotechnical parameters and the cracking behavior of compacted clay liners (CCLs) containing different percentages of polypropylene fibers. Accordingly, 200 compacted clay samples were reinforced with different percentages of fiber contents (FC) (i.e., 0, 0.5, 0.75, and 1%) and prepared with water or leachate to conduct different laboratory tests. First, the physical properties of the clay were determined. Then, the shear strength parameters (i.e., cohesion and friction angle), unconfined compressive strength, and the hydraulic permeability were determined subjected to water or leachate. Notably, the cracking behavior was modeled using visual images of the samples. The leachate increased desiccation cracks in the natural soil from 0.425 to nearly 1.111%. However, the addition of 0.5% (in the case of water) and 1% (in the case of leachate) fiber to the soil reduced the surface desiccation cracks in clay liners to about 0.185 and 0.352%, respectively. In both water- or leachate-prepared samples, the addition of fibers significantly increased the cohesion and friction angle. The shear strengths of the unreinforced leachate-prepared samples were lower than those of the water-prepared samples. The shear strength and unconfined compressive strength of all specimens increased with increasing fiber percentage. The presence of fibers in all samples caused more ductile behavior. The required amount of energy to achieve the maximum strength in the samples increased with increasing FC. By increasing the percentage of fibers, the permeability of the natural soil and the leachate-prepared samples increased. However, the highest permeability was observed in the leachate-prepared samples containing 1% fibers of 8.3 × 10–10 m/s, which is less than 10–9 m/s (maximum allowable permeability for clay liners). Finally, the obtained results were satisfactorily confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil Engineering, Payame Noor University, P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

    Amin Falamaki, Marzieh Aryanpour, Maryam Sabokbari, Reza Dehghani, Kourosh Masihzadeh & Amir Hossein Karimi

  2. Faculty of Engineering, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran

    Mahdi Salimi

  3. Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Zand Institute of Higher Education, Shiraz, Iran

    Amir Hossein Vakili

  4. Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Karabük University, Karabük, 78050, Turkey

    Amir Hossein Vakili

  5. Department of Mining and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran

    Mehdi Homaee

  6. Agrohydrology Research Group (Grant No. IG-39713), Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, 14115, Iran

    Mehdi Homaee

Authors
  1. Amin Falamaki
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  2. Mahdi Salimi
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  3. Amir Hossein Vakili
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  4. Mehdi Homaee
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  5. Marzieh Aryanpour
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  7. Reza Dehghani
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  8. Kourosh Masihzadeh
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  9. Amir Hossein Karimi
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Contributions

A. Falamaki conceived, designed, and reviewed the study. M. Salimi, A. H. Vakili, and M. Homaee drafted and revised the manuscript and analyzed and interpreted the data. M. Aryanpoor, M. Sabokbari, R. Dehghani, K. Masihzadeh, and A. H. Karimi performed the experimental tests and collected the data. All authors have read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Amir Hossein Vakili.

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Falamaki, A., Salimi, M., Vakili, A.H. et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of landfill leachate on the mechanical and cracking behavior of polypropylene fiber-reinforced compacted clay liner. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 77517–77534 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-27512-1

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