Abstract
We provide a comprehensive cross-country analysis on the impact of national incapacity to cope with natural hazards (i.e., social shocks, political stability, health care, infrastructure, and material security needed to reduce the harmful effects of natural disasters) on financial development. The panel quantile regression analyses on a global sample of 130 countries generally confirm that the financial development of countries with lower capacity to cope is indeed significantly hampered compared to their peers, especially in countries with low financial development levels. Seemingly unrelated regression (SUR) analyses, which acknowledge the dynamic co-existence between both financial institutions and financial market sectors in a given economy simultaneously, offer notable finer details. For example, the handicapping effect on both sectors tends to apply to only countries with higher climate risks. Lack of coping capacity also exert negative effects on the development of financial institutions in countries of all levels of income but only affect financial markets of high-income group. The more detailed look into different dimensions (financial efficiency, financial access, and financial depth) of financial development is also given in our study. Overall, our findings highlight the vital and complex role of “coping capacity” aspect of climate risk on the sustainable development of financial sectors.
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Data availability
Data and materials are provided by corresponding author upon reasonable requests.
Notes
We thank an anonymous referee for pointing this out.
The World Economic Forum indicates Japan’s ability to cope with natural disasters. See: https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/11/cop27-how-japan-is-using-tech-mitigate-natural-disasters/.
Full reports from 2011 to 2020 can be downloaded from here https://weltrisikobericht.de/weltrisikobericht-2020e-neu/#downloads.
Central Intelligence Agency.
It is important to notice that variables of informal institutions (Colony, Socialist, Civil law, Religion, and Language) do not appear in the results in Table 2 since they are dummy variables that are omitted when regressing by panel quantile regressions.
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Funding
The study is funded by the University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (UEH), Vietnam by the decision 3146/QĐ-ĐHKT-KTLQLNN dated 18 Oct 2022 and the number of project CELG-2022-03.
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Canh Phuc Nguyen: conceptualization, methodology, software, data curation, formal analysis, writing- original draft preparation, writing—reviewing and editing; Duc Nguyen Nguyen: validation, writing—original draft preparation, writing—reviewing and editing; Jeff Wongchoti: writing—original draft preparation, writing—reviewing and editing.
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Nguyen, C.P., Nguyen, N.D. & Wongchoti, J. A look beyond climate risk exposure: the impact of incapacity to cope with natural hazards on financial development. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 58058–58076 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26621-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-26621-1