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One-step electrochemical elaboration of SnO2 modified electrode for lead ion trace detection in drinking water using SWASV

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Abstract

A facile method was proposed for the elaboration of an electrochemical sensor for heavy metal’s trace detection by using square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV); this method is based on a simple anodic conversion of tin electrode into Sn/SnO2 modified electrode. Both electrochemical and physico-chemical techniques were used to confirm the modification process and better understand the electrode’s behavior. Then, depending on the operating conditions, the response signal was studied and adjusted in order to obtain optimal sensor performance. When optimized, the proposed method reached a lowest detection limit (LOD) of 2.15 μg L−1 (0.0104 μM), and quantification limit (LOQ) of 5.36 μg L−1 (0.0259 μM), in linearity range between from 6.2 and 20.7 μg L−1. Additionally, after having used the elaborated electrode for ten successive measurements, the repeatability remains very high with an RSD of approximately 5.3%; furthermore, ten other species appear to have very slight effect on Pb(II) detection. Finally, for the method validation, the proposed electrode was able to sense different lead concentration integrated in a local bottled spring water by showing recovery levels ranging from 103.8 to 108.4%.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their thanks for the Directorate General of Scientific Research and Technological Development (DGSRTD, Algiers). Also, we warmly thank Khaled DERKAOUI from Research Center of Semi-Conductor Technology for Energy, CRTSE, for his help in XPS analysis.

Funding

This study was financially supported by the Faculty Chemistry (USTHB, Algiers).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Electrochemistry-Corrosion, Metallurgy and Mineral Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, USTHB, BP 32, 16111, Algiers, Algeria

    Siham Lameche, Salah Eddine Berrabah, Abdelhakim Benchettara, Sabrina Tabti & Djaouida Djadi

  2. Research Center On Semiconductor Technology for Energetic (CRTSE), Thin Films Surface and Interface Division CMSI, 02 Bd. Frantz-Fanon, B.P. 140, Alger-7 Merveilles, Algiers, Algeria

    Amar Manseri

  3. IMMM, Le Mans Université, UMR 6283 CNRS, Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085, Le Mans, France

    Jean-François Bardeau

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  1. Siham Lameche
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  2. Salah Eddine Berrabah
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  3. Abdelhakim Benchettara
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  4. Sabrina Tabti
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Contributions

Siham Lameche, writing, original draft preparation; Salah Eddine Berrabah, conceptualization, writing — review and editing, design; Abdelhakim Benchettara, literature survey; Sabrina Tabti, conceptualization; Amar Manseri, data analysis; Djaouida Djadi, visualization; Jean-François Bardeau, correction and supervision; all authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Salah Eddine Berrabah.

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Lameche, S., Berrabah, S.E., Benchettara, A. et al. One-step electrochemical elaboration of SnO2 modified electrode for lead ion trace detection in drinking water using SWASV. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 44578–44590 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25517-4

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