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Trace metal exposure and human health consequences through consumption of market-available Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Bangladesh

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Abstract

Using Oreochromis niloticus (L.), commonly known as tilapia, as a model, this study evaluated the exposure of trace metal and their risk assessment on human health. In addition, the status of amino acids, fatty acids, vital elements, and their benefits is also studied. Estimating the nutrient composition of fish muscle is necessary to ensure that it meets the requirements for human health, food regulations, and commercial specifications. The species examined contained appreciable concentrations of amino acids, fatty acid content, and minerals, suggesting that the fish species could be a good source of protein, fat, and minerals. Hazardous heavy metals were found to be lower compared to their corresponding maximum tolerable limits. The order of trace metals is Zn (22,709 µg/kg) > Fe (19,878 µg/kg) > Cu (1261 µg /kg) > Mn (1228 µg/kg) > Cr (474 µg/kg) > Ni (152 µg/kg) As (318 µg /kg) > Pb (281 µg/kg) > Co (24 µg /kg) > Cd (13 µg/kg) > Hg (5 µg/kg); a number of health-related indices, including estimated daily intake (EDI), target hazard quotient (THQ), and hazard index (HI), as well as carcinogenic risk (CR) indices for adult and children, were calculated to evaluate the human health hazard of the heavy metals. The THQ and HI of heavy metals for tilapia are lower than 1, posing a non-carcinogenic threat to human health due to the biomagnifications of these deadly poisonous metals. Principal component, cluster, and correlation analyses delineated the common probabilistic sources of metal contamination origin and significant inter-parameter associations. Although no human health risks for the consumption of tilapia was found, more attention must be paid for the monitoring of Oreochromis niloticus before entering the market.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the authorities of the Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research for providing adequate funds for conducting research and development (R & D) work.

Funding

This study was partially funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology, the People’s Republic of Bangladesh, and partially funded by the BCSIR authority for approving R & D work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Soil and Environment Research Section, BCSIR Laboratories Dhaka, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

    Afroza Parvin, Md Kamal Hossain, Afsana Parvin, Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Badhan Saha & Priyanka Dey Suchi

  2. Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

    Umme Fatema Shahjadee & Sharmin Akter Lisa

  3. Planning and Development Department, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr Qudrat-I-Khuda Road, Dhanmondi, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh

    Mohammad Nashir Uddin

  4. Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research and Department of Chemistry, Dhaka University, Dhaka, Bangladesh

    Md Aftab Ali Shaikh

Authors
  1. Afroza Parvin
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  2. Md Kamal Hossain
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  3. Umme Fatema Shahjadee
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  4. Sharmin Akter Lisa
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  7. Afsana Parvin
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  10. Priyanka Dey Suchi
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Contributions

Data collection, manuscript drafting, editing, and reviewing by Afroza Parvin and Hossain MK. Amino acid analysis by Fatema. Fatty acid profiling by Lisa. Mineral analysis by Afsana and Suchi. Trace metal analysis by Moniruzzaman and Badhan. Statistical analysis by Nashir and paper reviewing and supervising by Aftab and Hossain.

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Correspondence to Md Kamal Hossain.

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Parvin, A., Hossain, M.K., Shahjadee, U.F. et al. Trace metal exposure and human health consequences through consumption of market-available Oreochromis niloticus (L.) in Bangladesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 45398–45413 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-25414-w

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