Abstract
Fish parasites are excellent bioindicators of environmental contamination because they respond quickly to water pollutant chemicals, and they can accumulate high concentrations of trace metals compared to their hosts. Here, we investigated the bioaccumulation pattern of the following: Cd, Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Al, Zn, Ba, Mn, Cu, Pb, Cr, Ni, and Co. We investigated the presence of trace metals in the acanthocephalan parasite Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae, and the bioaccumulation factors (BAFs) of metals were tested in the food, muscle, and liver of its host fish Colossoma macropomum (tambaqui). We used samples from four commercial fish farms that also conduct other agribusiness activities. Tissues of the fish along with their parasites were subjected a trace metal concentration analysis by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry. Most of metals showed significantly higher presence in N. buttnerae than in tambaqui (p < 0.05), with increased level of Na, Pb, Ca, Mn, Zn, Al, and Fe in fish muscle and that of Cr, Ni, Zn, Al, Ca, and Ba in fish liver. Considering all the fish farms, the highest values of BAF were observed for Fe, Al, Zn, and Mn with concentrations up to 35.63, 26.88, 14.12, and 6.66 times higher in acanthocephalan tissues than in the fish muscle, respectively. Moreover, Ba, Ca, and Al showed concentrations up to 18.11, 12.18, and 11.77 times higher in acanthocephalan than in the liver of tambaqui. Our results indicate that the higher the levels of these metals in the parasite, the lower their concentrations in the muscular and hepatic tissues of the fish. Therefore, we suggest that N. buttnerae can directly influence the concentrations of trace metals in the fish tissues and accumulate both essential trace (Fe, Zn, Mn, and Ca) and toxic elements (Al, Pb, and Ba) in the host.
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The data that support the findings of this study are available upon request from the correspondence author (G. T Jerônimo).
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Amazonas State Sustainable Development Agency for their logistical support, and Gabriel dos Santos Torres, Lorena Vieira de Matos, Victoria Leticia Sabino da Silva, José Welley Caldeira Alves, and Liliane Campos Ferreira for helping with field collections.
Funding
The present study was funded by the National Council for Science and Technological Development (CNPq) (Grant No. 402434/2016–1) and the Research Support Foundation in the State of Amazonas (FAPEAM) (Grant No. 062.00153/2020 and Resolution 006/2020—POSGRAD 2020/2021). The authors also thank Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES) for research funds, CNPq for the research grant (Process No. 314239/2020-0; 306635/2018-6) and FAPEAM technical support was granted (No. 062.00153/2020).
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GTJ—conceptualization, funding acquisition, investigation, formal analysis, methodology, project administration, supervision, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; ELP—data curation, resources, investigation, methodology, formal analysis; MAB—methodology, data curation, formal analysis; ÉSJ—investigation, methodology, validation, visualization; MLM—investigation, methodology, validation, visualization; MGC—data curation, resources, investigation, methodology, formal analysis, validation, visualization, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing; all authors read and approved the final version.
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We would like to declare that this study was approved by Ethics Committee on the Use of Animals (CEUA) of the National Institute of Amazonian Research, under the protocol number 015/2021, SEI: 01280.000586/2021–17, which is consistent with the ethical principles of animal experimentation adopted by the Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation (COBEA). All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed by the authors.
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Jerônimo, G.T., Porto, E.L., Bolson, M.A. et al. Bioaccumulation of trace metals in Neoechinorhynchus buttnerae and in its fish host tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) from fish farms. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 30183–30196 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24306-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-24306-9