Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Nitrogen-metabolising microorganism analysis in rapid sand filters from drinking water treatment plant

  • Research Article
  • Published:
Environmental Science and Pollution Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Sand filters (SFs) are common treatment processes for nitrogen pollutant removal in drinking water treatment plants (DWTPs). However, the mechanisms on the nitrogen-cycling role of SFs are still unclear. In this study, 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing was used to characterise the diversity and composition of the bacterial community in SFs from DWTPs. Additionally, metagenomics approach was used to determine the functional microorganisms involved in nitrogen cycle in SFs. Our results showed that Pseudomonadota, Acidobacteria, Nitrospirae and Chloroflexi dominated in SFs. Subsequently, 85 high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) were retrieved from metagenome datasets of selected SFs involving nitrification, assimilatory nitrogen reduction, denitrification and anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) processes. Read mapping to reference genomes of Nitrospira and the phylogenetic tree of the ammonia monooxygenase subunit A gene, amoA, suggested that Nitrospira is abundantly found in SFs. Furthermore, according to their genetic content, a nitrogen metabolic model in SFs was proposed using representative MAGs and pure culture isolate. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) showed that ammonia-oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA), and complete ammonia oxidisers (comammox) were ubiquitous in the SFs, with the abundance of comammox being higher than that of AOA and AOB. Moreover, we identified a bacterial strain with a high NO3-N removal rate as Pseudomonas sp. DW-5, which could be applied in the bioremediation of micro-polluted drinking water sources. Our study provides insights into functional nitrogen-metabolising microbes in SFs of DWTPs.

Graphical Abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article.

References

  • Aigle A, Prosser JI, Gubry-Rangin C (2019) The application of high-throughput sequencing technology to analysis of amoA phylogeny and environmental niche specialisation of terrestrial bacterial ammonia-oxidisers. Environ Microbiome 14(1):1–10

  • The American Water Works Association (AWWA),and The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)(2012) Water treatment plant design. 5th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. https://www.accessengineeringlibrary.com/content/book/9780071745727

  • Bai Y, Liu R, Liang J, Qu J (2013) Integrated metagenomic and physiochemical analyses to evaluate the potential role of microbes in the sand filter of a drinking water treatment system. PLoS ONE 8:e61011

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bao L, Wang X, Chen Y (2016) Abundance and distribution of ammonia-oxidizing microorganisms in the sediments of Beiyun River, China. Ann Microbiol 66:1075–1086

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bartelme RP, McLellan SL, Newton RJ (2017) Freshwater recirculating aquaculture system operations drive biofilter bacterial community shifts around a stable nitrifying consortium of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and comammox Nitrospira. Front Microbiol 8:101

  • Beman JM, Popp BN, Francis CA (2008) Molecular and biogeochemical evidence for ammonia oxidation by marine Crenarchaeota in the Gulf of California (vol 2, pg 429, 2008). ISME J 2:453–453

    Google Scholar 

  • Bertelli C, Courtois S, Rosikiewicz M, Piriou P, Aeby S, Robert S, Loret J-F, Greub G (2018) Reduced chlorine in drinking water distribution systems impacts bacterial biodiversity in biofilms. Front Microbiol 9:2520

  • Bettez ND, Groffman PM (2013) Nitrogen deposition in and near an urban ecosystem. Environ Sci Technol 47:6047–6051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Bolger AM, Lohse M, Usadel B (2014) Trimmomatic: a flexible trimmer for Illumina sequence data. Bioinformatics 30:2114–2120

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Campos JL, Garrido JM, Mendez R, Lema JM (2001) Effect of two broad-spectrum antibiotics on activity and stability of continuous nitrifying system. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 95:1–10

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chen JCY, Tyler AD (2020) Systematic evaluation of supervised machine learning for sample origin prediction using metagenomic sequencing data. Biol Direct 15(1):1–12

  • Chen L, Zhai Y, van der Mark E, Liu G, van der Meer W, Medema G (2021) Microbial community assembly and metabolic function in top layers of slow sand filters for drinking water production. J Clean Prod 294:126342

  • Daims H, Lebedeva EV, Pjevac P, Han P, Herbold C, Albertsen M, Jehmlich N, Palatinszky M, Vierheilig J, Bulaev A, Kirkegaard RH, von Bergen M, Rattei T, Bendinger B, Nielsen PH, Wagner M (2015) Complete nitrification by Nitrospira bacteria. Nature 528:504

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Duan JM, Fang HD, Su B, Chen JF, Lin JM (2015) Characterization of a halophilic heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium and its application on treatment of saline wastewater. Biores Technol 179:421–428

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Farazaki M, Gikas P (2019) Nitrification-denitrification of municipal wastewater without recirculation, using encapsulated microorganisms. J Environ Manage 242:258–265

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng S, Zhang XJ, Chen C, Yang ZY (2012) Research status and prospect of GAC-sand dual media filters used in drinking water treatment. China Water Wastewater 28:16–19

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Z, Sun Y, Li T, Meng F, Wu G (2019) Operational pattern affects nitritation, microbial community and quorum sensing in nitrifying wastewater treatment systems. Sci Total Environ 677:456–465

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Fowler SJ, Palomo A, Dechesne A, Mines PD, Smets BF (2017) Comammox Nitrospira are abundant ammonia oxidizers in diverse groundwater-fed rapid sand filter communities. Environ Microbiol 20(3):1002–1015

  • Fu Q, Zheng BH, Zhao XR, Wang LJ, Liu CM (2012) Ammonia pollution characteristics of centralized drinking water sources in China. J Environ Sci 24:1739–1743

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gao S, Zhou G, Rees RM, Cao W (2020) Green manuring inhibits nitrification in a typical paddy soil by changing the contributions of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria. Appl Soil Ecol 156:103698

  • Gu Q, Wu Q, Zhang J, Guo W, Wu H, Sun M (2016) Community analysis and recovery of phenol-degrading bacteria from drinking water biofilters. Front Microbiol 7:495

  • He TX, Li ZL, Sun Q, Xu Y, Ye Q (2016) Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by Pseudomonas tolaasii Y-11 without nitrite accumulation during nitrogen conversion. Biores Technol 200:493–499

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hink L, Gubry-Rangin C, Nicol GW, Prosser JI (2018) The consequences of niche and physiological differentiation of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidisers for nitrous oxide emissions. ISME J 12:1084–1093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hirotsugu F, Asami K, Norisuke U, Kengo M, Satoshi T (2015) Selective isolation of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria from autotrophic nitrifying granules by applying cell-sorting and sub-culturing of microcolonies. Front Microbiol 6:1159

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoshino T, Noda N, Tsuneda S, Hirata A, Inamori Y (2001) Direct detection by in situ PCR of the amoA gene in biofilm resulting from a nitrogen removal process. Appl Environ Microbiol 67:5261–5266

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu WC, Liang JS, Ju F, Wang QJ, Liu RP, Bai YH, Liu HJ, Qu JH (2020b) Metagenomics unravels differential microbiome composition and metabolic potential in rapid sand filters purifying surface water versus groundwater. Environ Sci Technol 54:5197–5206

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Hu J, Zhao Y, Yang W, Wang J, Liu H, Zheng P, Hu B (2020a) Surface ammonium loading rate shifts ammonia-oxidizing communities in surface water-fed rapid sand filters. Fems Microbiol Ecol 96(10):fiaa179

  • Huang T-L, Zhou S-L, Zhang H-H, Bai S-Y, He X-X, Yang X (2015) Nitrogen removal characteristics of a newly isolated indigenous aerobic denitrifier from oligotrophic drinking water reservoir, Zoogloea sp N299. Int J Mol Sci 16:10038–10060

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Huang XJ, Chong Y, Jiu-Pai NI, Zhen-Lun LI (2016) Isolation, identification and characteristics of a Rhodopseudomonas with high ammonia-nitrogen removal efficiency. Environ Sci 37(6):2276–2283

  • Hyatt D, Chen G-L, LoCascio PF, Land ML, Larimer FW, Hauser LJ (2010) Prodigal prokaryotic gene recognition and translation initiation site identification. BMC Bioinformatics 11(1):1–11

  • Ji B, Yang K, Wang HY, Zhou J, Zhang HN (2015) Aerobic denitrification by Pseudomonas stutzeri C3 incapable of heterotrophic nitrification. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 38:407–409

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Jiang B, Zhang B, Li L, Zhao Y, Shi Y, Jiang Q, Jia L (2020) Analysis of microbial community structure and diversity in surrounding rock soil of different waste dump sites in fushun western opencast mine. Chemosphere 269:128777

  • Joo HS, Hirai M, Shoda M (2005) Characteristics of ammonium removal by heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification by Alcaligenes faecalis no. 4. J Biosci Bioeng 100:184–191

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kallscheuer N, Moreira C, Airs R, Llewellyn CA, Wiegand S, Jogler C, Lage OM (2019) Pink- and orange-pigmented Planctomycetes produce saproxanthin-type carotenoids including a rare C-45 carotenoid. Environ Microbiol Rep 11:741–748

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kang DD, Li F, Kirton E, Thomas A, Egan R, An H, Wang Z (2019) MetaBAT 2: an adaptive binning algorithm for robust and efficient genome reconstruction from metagenome assemblies. Peer J 7:e7359

  • Kits KD, Sedlacek CJ, Lebedeva EV, Han P, Bulaev A, Pjevac P, Daebeler A, Romano S, Albertsen M, Stein LY, Daims H, Wagner M (2017) Kinetic analysis of a complete nitrifier reveals an oligotrophic lifestyle. Nature 549:269

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kong Q-X, Wang X-W, Jin M, Shen Z-Q, Li J-W (2006) Development and application of a novel and effective screening method for aerobic denitrifying bacteria. FEMS Microbiol Lett 260:150–155

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lang XD, Li QW, Ji MM, Yan GX, Guo SH (2020) Isolation and niche characteristics in simultaneous nitrification and denitrification application of an aerobic denitrifier, Acinetobacter sp. YS2. Bioresource Technol 302:122799

  • Lee MD (2019) GToTree: a user-friendly workflow for phylogenomics. Bioinformatics 35:4162–4164

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Lee CO, Boe-Hansen R, Musovic S, Smets B, Albrechtsen H-J, Binning P (2014) Effects of dynamic operating conditions on nitrification in biological rapid sand filters for drinking water treatment. Water Res 64:226–236

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li W, Shi C, Yu Y, Ruan Y, Kong D, Lv X, Xu P, Awasthi MK, Dong M (2021) Interrelationships between tetracyclines and nitrogen cycling processes mediated by microorganisms: a review. Biores Technol 319:124036–124036

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, He H, Mi T, Zhen Y (2022) Spatiotemporal dynamics of ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria contributing to nitrification in sediments from Bohai Sea and South Yellow Sea, China. Sci Total Environ 825:153972

  • Lin C, Xu H, Qin W, Xu S, Tang X, Kuang L, Wang X, Jiang B, Chen J, Shan J, Adams J, Qin H, Wang B (2020a) Evaluation of two primer sets for amplification of comammox Nitrospira amoA genes in wetland soils. Front Microbiol 11:560942

  • Lin J, Chen N, Yuan X, Tian Q, Hu A, Zheng Y (2020b) Impacts of human disturbance on the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle in a subtropical river system revealed by nitrifier and denitrifier genes. Sci Total Environ 746:141139

  • Ma B, LaPara TM, Hozalski RM (2020a) Microbiome of drinking water biofilters is influenced by environmental factors and engineering decisions but has little influence on the microbiome of the filtrate. Environ Sci Technol 54:11526–11535

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma Y, Yu Z, Du X, Zhang T, Wang N, Tao W (2020d) Characterization of bacterial community, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, and Nitrospira during the operation of a commercial-scale recirculating aquaculture system for culturing pufferfish Takifugu rubripes. J Ocean Univ China 19:1399–1408

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ma J, Wang K, Gong H, Yuan Q, Yang M, He C, Shi C, San E (2020b) Integrating floc, aggregate and carrier to reap high-quality anammox biofilm. Bioresource Technol 309:123325

  • Ma Y, Du X, Liu Y, Zhang T, Wang Y, Zhang S (2020c) Characterization of the bacterial communities associated with biofilters in two full-scale recirculating aquaculture systems. J Oceanol Limnol 39(3):1143–1150

  • Medhi K, Singhal A, Chauhan DK, Thakur IS (2017) Investigating the nitrification and denitrification kinetics under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by Paracoccus denitrificans ISTOD1. Biores Technol 242:334–343

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ming H, Zhang H, Chen Q, Wang Y, Su J, Zhao X, Fan J (2020) Abundance and community structure of ammonium monooxygenase (amoA) genes in the wet season of liaohe estuary sediments. Continental Shelf Res 209

  • Moreno-Vivian C, Cabello P, Martinez-Luque M, Blasco R, Castillo F (1999) Prokaryotic nitrate reduction: molecular properties and functional distinction among bacterial nitrate reductases. J Bacteriol 181:6573–6584

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Niu J, Kasuga I, Kurisu F, Furumai H (2019) Growth competition between ammonia-oxidizing archaea and bacteria for ammonium and urea in a biological activated carbon filter used for drinking water treatment. Environ Sci-Water Res Technol 5:231–238

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Oh S, Hammes F, Liu WT (2017) Metagenomic characterization of biofilter microbial communities in a full-scale drinking water treatment plant. Water Res 128:278

    Google Scholar 

  • Palomo A, Fowler SJ, Gulay A, Rasmussen S, Sicheritz-Ponten T, Smets BF (2016) Metagenomic analysis of rapid gravity sand filter microbial communities suggests novel physiology of Nitrospira spp. ISME J 10:2569–2581

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parks DH, Imelfort M, Skennerton CT, Hugenholtz P, Tyson GW (2015) CheckM: assessing the quality of microbial genomes recovered from isolates, single cells, and metagenomes. Genome Res 25:1043–1055

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Pinto AJ, Marcus DN, Ijaz UZ, Dick GJ, Raskin L (2016) Metagenomic evidence for the presence of comammox Nitrospira-like bacteria in a drinking water system. Msphere 1(1):e00054–15

  • Pjevac P, Schauberger C, Poghosyan L, Herbold CW, van Kessel MAHJ, Daebeler A, Steinberger M, Jetten MSM, Luecker S, Wagner M, Daims H (2017) AmoA-targeted polymerase chain reaction primers for the specific detection and quantification of comammox Nitrospira in the environment. Front Microbiol 8

  • Poghosyan L, Koch H, Frank J, van Kessel MAHJ, Cremers G, van Alen T, Jetten MSM, Op den Camp HJM, Lucker S (2020) Metagenomic profiling of ammonia- and methane-oxidizing microorganisms in two sequential rapid sand filters. Water Res 185:116288

  • Potgieter SC, Dai Z, Venter SN, Sigudu M, Pinto AJ (2020) Microbial Nitrogen metabolism in chloraminated drinking water reservoirs. Msphere 5(2):e00274–20

  • Prodan A, Tremaroli V, Brolin H, Zwinderman AH, Nieuwdorp M, Levin E (2020) Comparing bioinformatic pipelines for microbial 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. PLoS ONE 15:19

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulhof MA, Allen AE, Allen EE, Mladenov N, McCrow JP, Jones NT, Blanton J, Cavalheri HB, Kaul D, Symons CC, Shurin JB (2020) Sierra Nevada mountain lake microbial communities are structured by temperature, resources and geographic location. Mol Ecol 29:2080–2093

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shao Y-H, Wu J-H (2021) Comammox Nitrospira species dominate in an efficient partial nitrification-anammox bioreactor for treating ammonium at low loadings. Environ Sci Technol 55:2087–2098

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shitu A, Zhu S, Qi W, Tadda MA, Liu D, Ye Z (2020) Performance of novel sponge biocarrier in MBBR treating recirculating aquaculture systems wastewater: microbial community and kinetic study. J Environ Manag 275:111264

  • Song Z, Zhang X, Sun F, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wen H, Li C, Zhang Z (2020) Specific microbial diversity and functional gene (AOB amoA) analysis of a sponge-based aerobic nitrifying moving bed biofilm reactor exposed to typical pharmaceuticals. Sci Total Environ 742:140660

  • Speth DR, Lagkouvardos I, Wang Y, Qian P-Y, Dutilh BE, Jetten MSM (2017) Draft genome of Scalindua rubra, obtained from the interface above the discovery deep brine in the Red Sea, sheds light on potential salt adaptation strategies in anammox bacteria. Microb Ecol 74:1–5

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sun W, Xia C, Xu M, Guo J, Wang A, Sun G (2013) Distribution and abundance of archaeal and bacterial ammonia oxidizers in the sediments of the Dongjiang River, a drinking water supply for Hong Kong. Microbes Environ 28:457–465

    Google Scholar 

  • Tang M, Liu Y, He J, Wang Z, Wu Z, Ji D (2021) In situ continuous hourly observations of wintertime nitrate, sulfate and ammonium in a megacity in the North China plain from 2014 to 2019: temporal variation, chemical formation and regional transport. Chemosphere 262:127745

  • Tatari K, Musovic S, Gulay A, Dechesne A, Albrechtsen H-J, Smets BF (2017) Density and distribution of nitrifying guilds in rapid sand filters for drinking water production: dominance of Nitrospira spp. Water Res 127:239–248

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Terry LG, Summers RS (2018) Biodegradable organic matter and rapid-rate biofilter performance: a review. Water Res 128:234–245

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Tu Q, Lin L, Cheng L, Deng Y, He Z (2019) NCycDB: a curated integrative database for fast and accurate metagenomic profiling of nitrogen cycling genes. Bioinformatics 35:1040–1048

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Van der Wielen PWJJ, Voost S, Kooij DVD (2009) Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea in groundwater treatment and drinking water distribution systems. Appl Environ Microbiol 75:4687–95

    Google Scholar 

  • Van Kessel MAHJ, Speth DR, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH, Op dC, Huub J. M., Kartal B, Jetten MSM, Lücker S (2015) Complete nitrification by a single microorganism. Nature 528(7583):555–559

  • van Teeseling MCF, Maresch D, Rath CB, Figl R, Altmann F, Jetten MSM, Messner P, Schaffer C, van Niftrik L (2016) The S-layer protein of the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis is heavily O-glycosylated. Front Microbiol 7:1721

  • Vet WWJMD, Dinkla IJT, Muyzer G, Rietveld LC, Loosdrecht MCMV (2009) Molecular characterization of microbial populations in groundwater sources and sand filters for drinking water production. Water Res 43:182–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang L, Kent LC, Dang H, Hanson TE, Klotz MG (2016) D1FHS, the type strain of the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium Nitrosococcus wardiaespec nov: enrichment, isolation, phylogenetic, and growth physiological characterization. Front Microbiol 7:512

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Ma L, Mao Y, Jiang X, Xia Y, Yu K, Li B, Zhang T (2017) Comammox in drinking water systems. Water Res 116:332–341

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wang Y, Zhang W, Zhang Z, Wang W, Xu S, He X (2021) Isolation, identification and characterization of phenolic acid-degrading bacteria from soil. J Appl Microbiol 131:208–220

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Wu Z, Huang S, Yang Y, Xu F, Zhang Y, Jiang R (2013) Isolation of an aerobic denitrifying bacterial strain from a biofilter for removal of nitrogen oxide. Aerosol Air Qual Res 13:1126–1132

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Xiao H-W, Wu J-F, Luo L, Liu C, Xie Y-J, Xiao H-Y (2020) Enhanced biomass burning as a source of aerosol ammonium over cities in central China in autumn. Environ Pollut 266:115278

  • Yang X, Liu L, Wang S (2019) A strategy of high-efficient nitrogen removal by an ammonia-oxidizing bacterium consortium. Biores Technol 275:216–224

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Yang L, Guo L-K, Ren Y-X, Dou J-W, Zhu P-T, Cui S, Zhang Z-H, Li X-T (2021) Denitrification performance, biofilm formation and microbial diversity during startup of slow sand filter using powdery polycaprolactone as solid carbon source. J Environ Chem Eng 9(4):105561

  • Yuan K, Li S, Zhong F (2020) Treatment of coking wastewater in biofilm-based bioaugmentation process: biofilm formation and microbial community analysis. J Hazard Mater 400:123117

  • Zhang D, Li W, Huang X, Wen Q, Miao L (2013) Removal of ammonium in surface water at low temperature by a newly isolated Microbacterium sp. strain SFA13. Biores Technol 137:147–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Chen L, Sun R, Dai T, Tian J, Zheng W, Wen D (2016) Temporal and spatial changes of microbial community in an industrial effluent receiving area in Hangzhou Bay. J Environ Sci 44:57–68

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang C, Xu X, Zhao K, Tang L, Zou S, Yuan L (2018) Novel MBR_based main stream biological nutrient removal process: high performance and microbial community. Biodegradation 29:11–22

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang X, Han H, Zheng X, Yu T, Chen Y (2019) Tetracycline-induced effects on the nitrogen transformations in sediments: roles of adsorption behavior and bacterial activity. Sci Total Environ 695:133811

  • Zhang HH, Li SL, Ma B, Huang TL, Qiu H, Zhao ZF, Huang X, Liu KW (2020a) Nitrate removal characteristics and 13C metabolic pathways of aerobic denitrifying bacterium Paracoccus denitri fi cans Z195. Bioresource Technol 307:123230

  • Zhang LJ, Xie Y, Ding LY, Qiao XJ, Tao HC (2020b) Highly efficient ammonium removal through nitrogen assimilation by a hydrogen-oxidizing bacterium, Ideonella sp. TH17. Environ Res 191:110059

  • Zhou S, Sun Y, Huang T, Cheng Y, Yang X, Zhou Z, Li Y, Li Z, Cui J, Xiao L (2020) Reservoir water stratification and mixing affects microbial community structure and functional community composition in a stratified drinking reservoir. J Environ Manag 267:110456

  • Zhu L, Ding W, Feng L-J, Kong Y, Xu J, Xu X-Y (2012) Isolation of aerobic denitrifiers and characterization for their potential application in the bioremediation of oligotrophic ecosystem. Biores Technol 108:1–7

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu W, Wang C, Sun F, Zhao L, Dou W, Mao Z, Wu W (2018) Overall bacterial community composition and abundance of nitrifiers and denitrifiers in a typical macrotidal estuary. Mar Pollut Bull 126:540–548

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Zhu W (2008) Screening and identification on high effective microorganisms degrading ammonia-nitrogen and determination on its degradation ability. J Anhui Agric Sci 36(22):9361–9362,9474

Download references

Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China for Youth (31901663), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2019M662829), the GDAS’ Project of Science and Technology Development (2020GDASYL-20200103021) and Guangzhou Science and Technology Program (202201010461).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510070, People’s Republic of China

    Qihui Gu, Jumei Zhang, Weipeng Guo, Huiqing Wu, Ming Sun, Xianhu Wei, Youxiong Zhang, Montong Chen, Liang Xue & Qingping Wu

  2. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, 710021, People’s Republic of China

    Jun Ma

  3. College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510640, People’s Republic of China

    Juan Wang

  4. Department of Food Science & Technology, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Jinan University, Huangpu Ave. 601, Guangzhou, 510632, People’s Republic of China

    Yu Ding

Authors
  1. Qihui Gu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Jun Ma
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jumei Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Weipeng Guo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Huiqing Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Ming Sun
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. Juan Wang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. Xianhu Wei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  9. Youxiong Zhang
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  10. Montong Chen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  11. Liang Xue
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  12. Yu Ding
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  13. Qingping Wu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Contributions

Qingping Wu and Qihui Gu conceived and designed the experiments; Qihui Gu and Ming Sun performed the experiments; Qihui Gu, Ju Ma, Youxiong Zhang and Weixian Hu analysed the data; Qingping Wu, Jumei Zhang, Yu Ding, Juan Wang, Weipeng Guo and Huiqing Wu contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools; Qihui Gu wrote the paper; Moutong Chen, Liang Xue and Qihui Gu reviewed the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Qingping Wu.

Ethics declarations

Ethics approval and consent to participate

Not applicable.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

The authors declare no competing interests.

Additional information

Responsible Editor: Gerald Thouand

Publisher's note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Qihui Gu and Jun Ma contributed equally to this work.

Supplementary Information

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Gu, Q., Ma, J., Zhang, J. et al. Nitrogen-metabolising microorganism analysis in rapid sand filters from drinking water treatment plant. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 29458–29475 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23963-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23963-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation