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Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5–1 decipher morpho-physio-biochemical and nutritional improvements to Pisum sativum L. and Linum usitatissimum L. maintained under wastewater/cadmium stress

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Abstract

Metal retention in wastewater fertigated crops poses a potential hazard to food chain. Current work demonstrates the bioremediation and growth-promoting potential of Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5–1 by using nitrogen-fixing (pea) and non-nitrogen fixing (linseed) plants under cadmium (Cd) and wastewater irrigation regimes. Both plants were grown at 250 or 500 CdCl2 and 75 or 100% wastewater, each separately with and without A. schindleri SR-5–1 inoculation. The results revealed that Cd and wastewater significantly decreased growth, biomass, antioxidants, and nutrient acquisition through increased malondialdehyde, H2O2, and Cd accumulation. However, application of A. schindleri SR-5–1 significantly promoted morpho-physio-biochemical attributes while diminishing MDA and H2O2 under applied Cd and wastewater stress levels in both pea and linseed. Further, PGPR inoculation positively influenced pea and linseed seedlings through a substantial decline in Cd accumulation in roots/shoots and retained the optimal level of essential nutrients. It was inferred that both pea and linseed, with A. schindleri SR-5–1 application, exhibited higher growth and metabolism under Cd and wastewater stress but substantial tolerance was acquired under wastewater stress. Studied plants exhibited tolerance in order of 75% WW ≥ 250 µM Cd ≥ 100%WW ≥ 500 µM Cd treatment under A. schindleri inoculation. Current findings revealed the potential of A. schindleri to be exploited both for bioremediation and bio-fertilization under Cd, and wastewater-polluted regimes to reduce metal contamination of edible plants. It was suggested that with inoculation of A. schindleri SR-5–1, 75% WW dilution can be applied for irrigation of both nitrogen-fixing and non-nitrogen-fixing crops.

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Funding

We gratefully acknowledge the provision of funds by the Higher Education Commission (HEC) of Pakistan (Grant No: 20–4243/NRPU/R&D/HEC/14/885).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Sherjeel Hashmat, Kashif Tanwir, Saghir Abbas & Muhammad Tariq Javed

  2. Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shahid

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  1. Sherjeel Hashmat
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  2. Kashif Tanwir
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  3. Saghir Abbas
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  4. Muhammad Shahid
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  5. Muhammad Tariq Javed
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Contributions

MTJ, MS, SA, and KT for the planning of the study; SH, SA, and KT for the experimental work; SH, SA, KT, MS, and MTJ for the statistical analysis and critical review; MTJ, MS, SA, and KT for the data discussion. The presented data is part of the Ph.D. research work of Mr. Sherjeel Hashmat (SH). All the authors approved the final version of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Tariq Javed.

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Hashmat, S., Tanwir, K., Abbas, S. et al. Acinetobacter schindleri SR-5–1 decipher morpho-physio-biochemical and nutritional improvements to Pisum sativum L. and Linum usitatissimum L. maintained under wastewater/cadmium stress. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 24672–24686 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23920-x

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