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Summary of research progress on separation and extraction of valuable metals from Bayer red mud

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Abstract

Bayer red mud is a strong alkaline solid waste discharged during alumina production. Due to large emissions and strong alkalinity, red mud is now mostly dammed or buried, which not only occupies huge land but also contaminates the surrounding ecosystem, causing the risk of collapse and landslide. In addition to its overall utilization in building materials, agriculture, the environment, and the chemical industry, red mud also contains valuable metals such as sodium, aluminum, iron, titanium, and scandium and is considered to be an important secondary resource. In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and then, the overall utilization of red mud is summarized. Then, the latest research progress on the separation and extraction of valuable metals from red mud is reviewed in detail and a new comprehensive utilization method is recommended and evaluated. This paper also provides suggestions for the future development direction of the comprehensive utilization technology of red mud.

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Funding

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1710257, U1702253, U1903129, 52204419) and the National key research and development plan (2017YFC021040304, 2017YFC0210404).

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  1. Key Laboratory of Ecological Metallurgy of Multi-Metal Intergrown Ores of Ministry of Education, School of Metallurgy, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, Liaoning, China

    Kun Wang, Zhihe Dou, Yan Liu, Xiaofei Li, Guozhi Lv & Ting-an Zhang

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  1. Kun Wang
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  2. Zhihe Dou
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  3. Yan Liu
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  4. Xiaofei Li
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Wang and Li provided conceptualization and first draft preparation; Dou, Liu, Lv, and Zhang reviewed and edited.

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Correspondence to Zhihe Dou.

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Wang, K., Dou, Z., Liu, Y. et al. Summary of research progress on separation and extraction of valuable metals from Bayer red mud. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 89834–89852 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23837-5

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