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Sustainable agricultural practices for food security and ecosystem services

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Abstract

The notion of food security is a global phenomenon that impinges on every human. Efforts to increase productivity and yields have historically degraded the environment and reduced biodiversity and ecosystem services, with the significant impact on the poor. Sustainable agriculture—farming in sustainable ways based on an understanding of ecosystem services—is a practical option for achieving global food security while minimizing further environmental degradation. Sustainable agricultural systems offer ecosystem services, such as pollination, biological pest control, regulation of soil and water quality, maintenance of soil structure and fertility, carbon sequestration and mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, nutrient cycling, hydrological services, and biodiversity conservation. In this review, we discuss the potential of sustainable agriculture for achieving global food security alongside healthy ecosystems that provide other valuable services to humankind. Too often, agricultural production systems are considered separate from other natural ecosystems, and insufficient attention has been paid to how services can flow to and from agricultural production systems to surrounding ecosystems. This review also details the trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services, highlights current knowledge gaps, and proposes areas for future research.

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Data availability

The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This study received financial support from the “His Majesty Trust Fund” Sultan Qaboos University (SR/AGR/CROP/19/01).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Environment, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan

    Abdul Rehman

  2. Department of Crop Sciences and Biotechnology, Dankook University, Cheonan-si, 31116, South Korea

    Dong-Jin Lee

  3. Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman

    Muhammad Farooq

  4. The UWA Institute of Agriculture, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, 6001, Australia

    Muhammad Farooq & Kadambot H. M. Siddique

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  1. Abdul Rehman
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  2. Muhammad Farooq
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AR collected the literature, prepared the first draft, and revised the manuscript; MF conceptualized the idea, edited and improved the manuscript; DJL edited and improved the manuscript; KHM edited and improved the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Muhammad Farooq.

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Rehman, A., Farooq, M., Lee, DJ. et al. Sustainable agricultural practices for food security and ecosystem services. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 84076–84095 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-23635-z

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