Abstract
The analysis and prediction of water quality are of great significance to water quality management and pollution control. In general, current water quality prediction methods are often aimed at single indicator, while the prediction effect is not ideal for multivariate water quality data. At the same time, there may be some correlations between multiple indicators which the conventional prediction models cannot capture. To resolve these problems, this paper proposes a deep learning model: Graph Convolutional Network with Feature and Temporal Attention (FTGCN), realizing the prediction for multivariable water quality data. Firstly, a feature attention mechanism based on multi-head self-attention is designed to capture the potential correlations between water indicators. Then, a temporal prediction module including temporal convolution and bidirectional GRU with a temporal attention mechanism is designed to deal with temporal dependencies of time series. Moreover, an adaptive graph learning mechanism is introduced to extract hidden associations between water quality indicators. An auto-regression module is also added to solve the disadvantage of non-linear nature of neural networks. Finally, an evolutionary algorithm is adopted to optimize the parameters of the proposed model. Our model is applied on four real-world water quality datasets, compared with other models for multivariate time series forecasting. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model has a better performance in water quality prediction than others by two indices.
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This paper is supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2018YFB1004300).
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The study conception and design, data collection and analysis, guide of experiments and paper revision were performed by Qingjian Ni. The design of model, code implementation, experiments, the first draft of the manuscript and paper revision were performed by Xuehan Cao. Chaoqun Tan commented on previous versions of the manuscript and made suggestions for revision. Wenqiang Peng and Xuying Kang reviewed the paper and made suggestions for revision.
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Ni, Q., Cao, X., Tan, C. et al. An improved graph convolutional network with feature and temporal attention for multivariate water quality prediction. Environ Sci Pollut Res 30, 11516–11529 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22719-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-22719-0