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Ajwa date flavonoids mitigate neutrophil migration and interferon-γ-induced renal injury by ultraviolet C radiation in rats

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Abstract  

Date was considered a high nutritional value fruit due to its high content of active ingredients. Frequent exposure to cosmetic radiations including UVC caused deleterious effects and tissue damage and organ affection. This study investigated the efficacy of Ajwa date extract (ADE) in protection against UVC-induced kidney injury in rats. Five groups of rats were included in this study. Group I: Rats were exposed to UVC radiation at a dose 5 kJ (1 h/day) for 28 days. Group II: Rats were pretreated orally with ADE (10 mg/kg/day) 1 h before exposure to UVC radiation with dose 5 kJ. Group III: Rats were pretreated with ADE (15 mg/kg) 1 h before exposure to UVC radiation. Group IV: Rats were exposed to UVC radiation then treated with ADE (10 mg/kg). Group V: Rats exposed to UV radiation then treated with ADE (15 mg/kg) after 1 h from exposure. Analyzing the active constituents of ADE by GC/MS showed that, quercetin, myricetin kaempferol, thymine, and catechol are the most active ingredients. Biochemical markers obtained showed that, serum 8-oxoguanine as marker for DNA damage was increased, and total antioxidant activity and glutathione reduced were decreased (p < 0.01), while neutrophil (p < 0.001), conjugated diene (p < 0.05), and interferon-γ (p < 0.01) were increased after exposure to UVC. However, all the parameters changed were reversed by ADE-treated rats compared with untreated; the higher dose was more effective and protective effect was better than treated effect. Kidney total proteins and reduced glutathione and procollagen levels were decreased while malondialdehyde was increased after exposure to UVC (p < 0.01). These abnormalities were normalized by ADE treatment and protected. It was concluded that, flavonoids from Ajwa extract protected against deleterious effects of UVC by enhancing antioxidant activities and reducing infiltration of neutrophils that caused kidney injury.

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Acknowledgements

This project was funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research (DSR), King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Under grand no. (KEP-PhD-6-130-41). The authors therefore, acknowledge with thanks DSR for technical and financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid O. Abulnaja, Kurunthachalam Kannan, Ashgan Mohammed K. Al-Manzlawi & Taha A. Kumosani

  2. Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid O. Abulnaja & Taha A. Kumosani

  3. Department of Pediatrics, University School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10016, USA

    Kurunthachalam Kannan

  4. Production of Bio-Products for Industrial Applications Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Taha A. Kumosani

  5. Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Qari

  6. Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt

    Said S. Moselhy

Authors
  1. Khalid O. Abulnaja
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  2. Kurunthachalam Kannan
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  4. Taha A. Kumosani
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  5. Mohamed Qari
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Contributions

TAK, SSM, and KOA design protocol, AMKM running experiments, KK and MQ and SM analyzed data and interpretations. All authors revise the manuscript and approve it.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Said S. Moselhy.

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Ethical approval.

The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The protocol was done according to the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Responsible Editor: Lotfi Aleya

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Abulnaja, K.O., Kannan, K., Al-Manzlawi, A.M.K. et al. Ajwa date flavonoids mitigate neutrophil migration and interferon-γ-induced renal injury by ultraviolet C radiation in rats. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 71607–71613 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20956-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20956-x

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