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Urinary cadmium and peripheral blood telomere length predict the risk of renal function impairment: a study of 547 community residents of Shanxi, China

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Abstract

Few reports have investigated the predictive value of urinary cadmium (UCd) and telomere length on renal function impairment. Therefore, we constructed nomogram models, using a cross-sectional survey to analyze the potential function of UCd and telomere length in renal function impairment risk. We randomly selected two community populations in Shanxi, China, and general information of the subjects was collected through face-to-face questionnaire surveys. Venous blood of subjects was collected to detect absolute telomere length (ATL) by real-time quantitative chain reaction (RT-PCR). Collecting urinary samples detected UCd and urinary N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase (UNAG). Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was obtained based on serum creatinine (SCr). Nomogram models on risk prediction analysis of renal function impairment was constructed. After adjusting for other confounding factors, UCd (β = 0.853, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.739 ~ 0.986) and ATL (β = 1.803, 95%CI: 1.017 ~ 1.154) were independent risk influencing factors for increased UNAG levels, and the risk factors for eGFR reduction were UCd (β = 1.011, 95%CI: 1.187 ~ 1.471), age (β = 1.630, 95%CI: 1.303 ~ 2.038), and sex (β = 0.181, 95%CI: 0.105 ~ 0.310). Using UCd, ATL, sex, and age to construct the nomogram, and the C-statistics 0.584 (95%CI: 0.536 ~ 0.632) and 0.816 (95%CI: 0.781 ~ 0.851) were obtained by internal verification of the calibration curve, C-statistics revealed nomogram model validation was good and using decision curve analysis (DCA) confirmed a good predictive value of the nomogram models. In a nomogram model, ATL, UCd, sex, and age were detected as independent risk factors for renal function impairment, with UCd being the strongest predictor.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank all research subjects for their participation and thank for the strong support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872701, 81273040).

Funding

This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81872701, 81273040).

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Author notes

  1. Jia-Chen Zhang and Shuang-Jing Li contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, China

    Jia-Chen Zhang, Shuang-Jing Li, Jian-Yong Guo, Guo-Yan Zhang, Hui Kang, Xiu-Jing Shi, Han Zhou, Yu-Fen Liang, Wei-Tong Shen & Li-Jian Lei

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  1. Jia-Chen Zhang
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Contributions

Li-Jian Lei designed the study. Jia-Chen Zhang and Shuang-Jing Li analyzed the data and drafted the manuscript; Li-Jian Lei revised the manuscript. Jian-Yong Guo, Guo-Yan Zhang, Hui Kang, Xiu-Jing Shi, Han Zhou, Yu-Fen Liang, and Wei-Tong Shen contributed to collecting the data. Jia-Chen Zhang and Shuang-Jing Li had the same contribution to this research. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Li-Jian Lei.

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Zhang, JC., Li, SJ., Guo, JY. et al. Urinary cadmium and peripheral blood telomere length predict the risk of renal function impairment: a study of 547 community residents of Shanxi, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 71427–71438 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20923-6

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