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Mycotoxin surveillance on wheats in Shandong province, China, reveals non-negligible probabilistic health risk of chronic gastrointestinal diseases posed by deoxynivalenol

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Abstract

Abnormal climate changes have resulted in over-precipitation in many regions. The occurrence and contamination levels of mycotoxins in crops and cereals have been elevated largely. From 2017 to 2019, we did investigation targeting 15 mycotoxins shown in the wheat samples collected from Shandong, a region suffering over-precipitation in China. We found that deoxynivalenol (DON) was the dominant mycotoxin contaminating wheats, with detection rates 304/340 in 2017 (89.41%), 303/330 in 2018 (91.82%), and 303/340 in 2019 (89.12%). The ranges of DON levels were < 4 to 580 μg/kg in 2017, < 4 to 3070 μg/kg in 2018, and < 4 to 1540 μg/kg in 2019. The exposure levels were highly correlated with local precipitation. Male exposure levels were generally higher than female’s, with significant difference found in 2017 (1.89-fold, p = 0.023). Rural exposure levels were higher than that of cities but not statistically significant (1.41-fold, p = 0.13). Estimated daily intake (EDI) and margin of exposure (MoE) approaches revealed that 8 prefecture cities have probabilistically extra adverse health effects (vomiting or diarrhea) cases > 100 patients in 100,000 residents attributable to DON exposure. As a prominent wheat-growing area, Dezhou city reached ~ 300/100,000 extra cases while being considered as a major regional contributor to DON contamination. Our study suggests that more effort should be given to the prevention and control of DON contamination in major wheat-growing areas, particularly during heavy precipitation year. The mechanistic association between DON and chronic intestinal disorder/diseases should be further investigated.

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The datasets used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The Health and Family Planning Commission of Shandong Province, China (Grant number 2015WS0283) and Supporting Funding for Talent Research from College of Public Health, Shandong University, China (Grant Number: 21320061330000).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250014, China

    Fenghua Li, Dafeng Jiang & Wei Li

  2. Department of Toxicology and Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China

    Liwen Zhang, Xiulan Zhao & Jun Zhou

  3. Department of Chemistry and Physics, Center for Food Safety Risk Assessment, Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Jinan, 250014, China

    Fenghua Li, Dafeng Jiang & Wei Li

  4. Interdisciplinary Toxicology Program and Department of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA

    Jia-Sheng Wang

  5. School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, China

    Xinglan Duan, Xianqi Zhao, En Meng, Ran Yi, Chang Liu & Yirui Li

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  1. Fenghua Li
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Fenghua Li, Xinglan Duan, Liwen Zhang, Dafeng Jiang, Wei Li and Jun Zhou: conceptualization, experiments, methodology and data collection; Fenghua Li, Liwen Zhang, and Jun Zhou: writing and data analysis; Xianqi Zhao, En Meng, Ran Yi, Chang Liu, Yirui Li: literature collection and data extraction; Jia-Sheng Wang and Xiulan Zhao: research advices.

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Correspondence to Jun Zhou.

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Li, F., Duan, X., Zhang, L. et al. Mycotoxin surveillance on wheats in Shandong province, China, reveals non-negligible probabilistic health risk of chronic gastrointestinal diseases posed by deoxynivalenol. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 71826–71839 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-20812-y

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