Abstract
A combined freezing, soaking, and centrifugal desalination (FSCD) process was employed to desalt seawater taken from Bohai Bay. The seawater was frozen into two kinds of sea water ice having different texture and size using either commercial refrigerator or experimental setup. For both kinds of ice samples, the influences of soaking-related parameters on the desalination effect were studied. For most ice samples treated with FSCD process, the salt removal efficiencies are higher than 90%. The purity of ice product increases as increasing soaking time and at higher initial soaking liquid temperature, while the ice yield rate decreases. At the same ice yield rate, the salt removal efficiency for ice flakes is higher than that for crushed ice samples, whereas when the raw seawater of 27 °C is used as soaking liquid, FSCD process is not feasible due to too lower ice yield rate.
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All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.
Abbreviations
- R:
-
Salt removal efficiency (%)
- Cip :
-
Salinity of the ice product (%)
- C0 :
-
Salinity of the raw seawater (%)
- Riy :
-
Ice yield rate (%)
- Mip :
-
Mass of ice product (g)
- RTDS :
-
TDS removal efficiency (%)
- CTDS :
-
Concentration of the TDS in ice product (mg/L)
- C0TDS :
-
Initial concentration of the TDS in raw seawater (mg/L)
- M0i :
-
Mass of crushed ice or ice flakes (g)
- Ts :
-
Soaking liquid temperature (°C)
- Ris :
-
The mass ratio of ice sample to soaking liquid
- ts :
-
Soaking time (min)
- Ta :
-
Ambient temperature (°C)
- Tlni :
-
Liquid nitrogen temperature of cryogenic heat exchanger inlet (°C)
- Tno :
-
Temperature of nitrogen exhaust (°C)
- Titi :
-
Intermedium temperature of ice-making machine inlet (°C)
- Tito :
-
Intermedium temperature of ice-making machine outlet (°C)
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Acknowledgements
We would like to also thank the experts and our research team colleagues at BUCEA, SEI, and Sinopec Gas Company for useful discussions, in particular Hongbing Pu, Peng Wang, Baoqing Wang, Jie Wei, Fengqi Li, and Ming Li
Funding
This research was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No 52070012), Beijing Municipal Science & Technology Commission (grant number Z15110000141 5007), and Sinopec Gas Company (grant number 314037).
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Conceptualization, funding acquisition, methodology, supervision, Hui Yang; data curation, investigation, writing—review and editing, Y.J; investigation, writing—original draft, R.W; investigation, B.D and M.F. All authors contributed to writing of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final submitted manuscript.
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Yang, H., Jiang, Y., Wang, R. et al. Effects of the soaking-related parameters in a combined freezing-based seawater desalination process. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 52162–52174 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19601-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-022-19601-4