Abstract
Human activities increase the risk of stable and radioactive strontium (Sr) isotopes entering the environment and food chain. In this study, the effects of Sr on the nutrient uptake and physiological responses of lettuce under different “Sr treatment” concentrations (0, control, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 mM) and “times” (7, 14, and 21 day) were studied in a hydroponic system. In addition, the distribution of Sr on the surfaces and cross-sections of lettuce leaves was revealed by scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray (SEM–EDX) analysis. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) method was used to analyze the significance of “Sr treatment,” “time,” and their “interaction.” The results showed that an increase in Sr uptake in lettuce could significantly reduce the uptake of calcium (Ca). The contents of sulfur (S), potassium (K), and iron (Fe) in lettuce leaves showed significant differences with the sampling day. Similarly, the fresh weight of lettuce leaves and roots as well as the photosynthetic pigment contents of lettuce leaves was also significantly different with the sampling day. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD)) showed significant differences with the sampling day. The activities of SOD and CAT decreased significantly with the sampling day, while POD increased significantly. The MDA content increased significantly with increasing hydroponic Sr concentration on the 21st day. SEM–EDX analysis showed that the weight percentage of Sr in the vascular bundle sheath in the cross-section of lettuce leaves was relatively higher than that in the mesophyll. This study aids our understanding of the distribution of Sr in lettuce leaf tissues and the effect of Sr on lettuce physiology.
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The datasets used and analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to Dr. Yongliang Li and Dr. Shuifeng Wang for their helpful work in the SEM-EDX operation and the element content detection.
Funding
This study was financially supported by the National Defense Basic Research Program (Yao ZS1902) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41672228). National Defense Basic Research Program,Yao ZS1902,Yongfei Che,National Natural Science Foundation of China,41672228,Xiaoyan Jiang
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Dong Yan, conceptualization, writing — original draft, review and Editing, investigation. Kuke Ding, supervision. Yingxue He, investigation. Li Fan, investigation and resources. Yongfei Che, funding acquisition. Yingjun Zhao, project administration. Xiaoyan Jiang, conceptualization and funding acquisition.
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Yan, D., Ding, K., He, Y. et al. Effect of strontium on nutrient uptake, physiological parameters, and strontium localization in lettuce. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 34874–34886 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18108-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-18108-8