Abstract
Natural products particularly natural colorants have attained worldwide importance and being eco-friendly can be considered an alternative to toxic dyes in order to reduce environmental pollution. The current study is based on the exploration of natural coloring behavior of bitter gourd leaves extract for cotton dyeing. Colorant was extracted using different extraction media like aqueous, alkali, organic, and acidic at different conditions. It has been found that on application of 50 ml of acidic extract having 6 g/100 ml of table salt for 55 min at 60 C°, maximum color yield has been obtained onto cotton. Upon using chemical and bio-mordants, new shade with good color fastness rating was obtained. FTIR analysis of extract showed the presence of flavonoids. It is concluded that under mild condition, bitter gourd leaves extract can be considered potential source of natural colorant for cotton dyeing and the presence of bio-mordant has made the process more soothing and sustainable in nature.
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Acknowledgements
We greatly acknowledged the Vegetable Section of Ayub Agricultural Research Institute Faisalabad, Pakistan, for providing bitter gourd residual material to conduct a part of the PhD studies of Ms. Fatima Batool.
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Dr. Naeem Iqbal is the supervisor, where Dr. Shahid Adeel and Dr. Muhammad Azeem have guided scientifically for smooth running of the work. Dr. Fatima Batool has performed the work, where Muhammad Hussaan has helped in assessment of data and experiments.
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Batool, F., Adeel, S., Iqbal, N. et al. Sustainable natural coloring potential of bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) residues for cotton dyeing: innovative approach towards textile industry. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 34974–34983 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17803-w
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17803-w