Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in soil, forage, and animals is serious concern nowadays. Current research was conducted in Sargodha to find out the relationship of animals related to the forages and soil pollution. Three sites were selected with three different treatments; site I irrigated with ground water, site II irrigated with the canal water, and site III irrigated with the wastewater. Samples of soil, forage, and animals (blood, hair, feces) were collected from selected sites and were analyzed for metal analysis using atomic absorption spectroscopy. Results indicated that Zn in soil ranged from 24.12 to 37.39 mg/kg; forage, 31.98–44.47 mg/kg; blood of animals, 1.49–2.72 mg/L; hair of animals, 1.37–2.41 mg/kg; and feces of animals, 1.06–2.97 mg/kg. The concentration of zinc in soil and forage was less than permissible limit, but concentration in blood of animals was greater than critical limit suggesting the presence of metal. Bio-concentration factor indicated that metal was accumulated in forages growing at irrigated site. HRI concentration (2.024 mg/kg/day) suggests the accumulation of zinc in animal tissues. Pollution load index and enrichment factor were within the range.
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The authors express their appreciation to the Researchers Supporting Project (RSP-2021/193) at King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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AM and MSE were responsible for writing the manuscript. ZIK and KA supervised the study. AM, JA, AA, YD, ISM, RS, and SA were responsible for conducting the experiments and the data analysis. MN and SA were responsible for analyzing and interpreting the data. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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All the study protocols were approved by the institutional animal ethics committee, University of Sargodha (Approval No. 25-A18 IEC UOS). All the experiments performed complied with the rules of the National Research Council, and all methods were performed keeping in view the ethical principles regarding animal’s accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations.
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Maqsood, A., Khan, Z.I., Ahmad, K. et al. Quantitative evaluation of zinc metal in meadows and ruminants for health assessment: implications for humans. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 21634–21641 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17264-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17264-1