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Nexus among energy consumption structure, energy intensity, population density, urbanization, and carbon intensity: a heterogeneous panel evidence considering differences in electrification rates

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Abstract

The main purpose of this article is to link the environment, economy, electricity, and society and put forward a new point of view. The current research mainly explores the relationship between the environment, economy, and society and lacks a discussion on electricity. Using a new research framework, this article examines the relationship between energy intensity, energy consumption structure, population density, urbanization rate, and carbon intensity based on relevant data from 2000 to 2017 in China. In the empirical research, according to the cluster analysis, China’s 30 provinces are divided into three regions according to the electrification rate standard. The cross-sectional dependence test method is used to verify the cross-sectional dependence of the data, and the second-generation panel unit root test method is used. Exploring the relationship between the variables, this article finally uses the convergence analysis method to explore the degree of influence of each variable on the carbon intensity. The empirical results show that there are both short-term effects and long-term relationships in various regions, and the influencing factors of each region are different. It further shows that the carbon intensity of the four panels shows convergence, β absolute convergence, and β conditional convergence, but the main influencing factors in different regions are different. Finally, based on the results of empirical research, policy recommendations for reducing carbon intensity in different regions are put forward.

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Availability of data and materials

The data of province-level CO2 emissions are obtained from China Emission Accounts and Datasets, http://www.ceads.net/, and other data are collected from National Statistics Bureau, http://www.statas.gov.cn/.

Funding

This work was supported by the 2018 Key Projects of Philosophy and Social Sciences Research, Ministry of Education, China (grant number 18JZD032) 《Research on constructing energy system policy and mechanism with characteristics of clean, low-carbon emission, safe, and high-efficiency》.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Economics and Management, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, China

    Jingqi Sun, Xiaohui Guo, Yuan Wang & Yiquan Zhou

  2. Kunming Bureau Of China Southern Power Grid EHV Transmission Company, Kunming, 650000, China

    Jing Shi

  3. Electrical Engineering Division, Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK

    Boyang Shen

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  1. Jingqi Sun
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Contributions

As the instructor, Jingqi Sun provided guidance on research ideas and methods. Xiaohui Guo conducted main writing work and empirical research. Yuan Wang wrote some literature reviews and subsequent revisions. Jing Shi provided methodological guidance and improvement. Follow-up proofreading and modification were carried out by Yiquan Zhou. Shen Boyang’s main job is to proofread and polish the English

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Correspondence to Xiaohui Guo.

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I have made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work or the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work.

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Sun, J., Guo, X., Wang, Y. et al. Nexus among energy consumption structure, energy intensity, population density, urbanization, and carbon intensity: a heterogeneous panel evidence considering differences in electrification rates. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 19224–19243 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-17165-3

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