Abstract
The sludge resource utilization and the high value-added development are environmentally friendly means for sludge treatment. With its rich organic substances and metals content, sludge can replace activated carbon and become a widely used carbon-based material, such as sludge-based activated carbon (SBAC). Meanwhile, as a heterogeneous catalyst, sludge-based catalyst (SBC) can solve the requirements of traditional Fenton catalysts for pH, metal ion leaching, and catalyst recycling. In this paper, combining the properties of SBAC/SBCs, the characteristics of the three methods of activation, support, and hydrothermal preparation of SBAC/SBCs are reviewed. In general, it is necessary to select an appropriate preparation method based on pollutants and environmental treatment goals. Furthermore, compared with other catalysts, SBC heterogeneous oxidation has obvious advantages in refractory organic pollutants. And the reaction mechanism usually involves SO4·-, ·OH, O2·-, and 1O2 processes. Finally, some possible directions for future research involving environmentally friendly SBAC/SBCs are proposed.
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We would like to acknowledge the support from the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFC1803802); and the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment Fund (QA202018).
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This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program (2019YFC1803802); and the State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resources and Water Environment Fund (QA202018).
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The first draft of the manuscript was written by Xiyu Sun and revised by Guangzhi Wang. Among them, the conceptualization and the literature retrieval and data analysis of sections 3, 5–7 were completed by Xiyu Sun; conceptualization and manuscript revision were completed by Guangzhi Wang; the literature retrieval and data collection of section 4 was completed by Huanzhang Feng; the literature retrieval and data collection of section 2 were completed by Xinyi Miao, Simin Zhou and Dongdong Wang; Likun Huang and Kun Wang were responsible for the guidance and verification of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Highlights
• The different preparation methods of sludge-based activated carbon/sludge-based catalysts (SBAC/SBCs) were reviewed.
• SBAC/SBCs heterogeneous oxidation treatment of wastewater had been reviewed.
• The comparison of SBAC/SBCs with other catalytic materials was discussed.
• The mechanism of the heterogeneous oxidation process of SBAC/SBCs was discussed.
• The preparation of novel SBAC/SBCs photocatalytic materials and the activation of the combined methods were proposed.
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Sun, X., Wang, G., Feng, H. et al. Preparation of sludge-based materials and their environmentally friendly applications in wastewater treatment by heterogeneous oxidation technology. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 332–348 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16946-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16946-0