Abstract
Mangroves are important ecosystems of tropical and subtropical shorelines. Anthropogenic activity decreases their habitat quality, affecting structural and functional trophic features. We hypothesized that higher levels of anthropogenic intervention generate diversity loss and modify the trophic structure of tropical mangrove fish communities. We compared the taxonomic and isotopic (δ13C/δ15N) composition, abundance, trophic position, and isotopic niche of fish communities from three mangrove systems with different anthropogenic intervention levels in the Colombian Pacific. Non-parametric statistical tests and a Bayesian approach were used to analyze data. A total of 1254 specimens belonging to 23 families, 25 genera, and 30 species were identified, presenting higher abundance (821) in moderate anthropogenic intervention level mangrove (Moderate-AIL), with high dominance of one species (Lile stolifera). The low anthropogenic intervention level mangrove (Low-AIL) was the second in abundance (291) but exhibited a greater number of species (23), while the high anthropogenic intervention level mangrove (High-AIL) presented the least abundance (142) and species number (17). The isotopic composition reveals that Moderate and High-AIL mangroves presented enriched 13C and 15 N compared to Low-AIL (~ 2 to 4 ‰). Mean trophic position (TP) of communities was slightly higher in the more intervened systems (~ 1 to 2 orders of magnitude), as well as in specific species (Centropomus spp.). Isotopic niche width (TA and SEAc) was greater in High-AIL (41.1 and 9.2), more than doubled compared to Moderate-AIL (33.0 and 4.1). In High-AIL isotopic niche width increased, indicating lesser availability of prey and basal resources. The results obtained in this study support the proposed hypothesis and, suggest that anthropogenic intervention modifies diversity and food webs dynamics, affecting the transfer of matter and energy from macrotidal tropical mangroves to coastal ecosystems. However, it is recommended to be careful concluding differences based exclusively on the anthropogenic intervention level, since it is widely documented that mangrove settings also influence the analyzed trophic parameters.
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Data Availability
The datasets used and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Acknowledgements
Special thanks to Gustavo Castellanos-Galindo for supplying the fishing nets for the project no. 110665944115, for his valuable knowledge in specimen identification, and for transmitting his extensive experience in mangrove fish communities of the Colombian Pacific. To Colombo Estupiñán for his help with the Bayesian approach. To every local co-researcher that has shared their intimate knowledge of these priceless ecosystems.
Funding
Financial and logistic support for this study has been given by the projects: Análisis de la dinámica trófica en dos manglares del Pacífico colombiano, mediante el uso integrado de isótopos estables y modelación ecosistémica: Importancia para la producción pesquera del sistema (code 110665944115), Aporte de la diversidad funcional de los ecosistemas de manglar al bienestar humano en las costas Caribe y Pacífico, de Colombia: Una mirada desde el enfoque de los servicios ecosistémicos (code 71323), both accomplished by Universidad del Valle and co-funded by Departamento Administrativo de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación (COLCIENCIAS) through the call numbers 659 of 2014 and 852 -2019 (Ministerio de Ciencia Tecnología e Innovación) respectively. And the projects: Variabilidad espacio-temporal del nitrógeno utilizando bioindicadores y nutrientes en ambientes marinos transicionales (codes SIP 20195113, 20200708), Influencia de los Arribazones de Sargassum spp. como fuente de Nitrógeno en la costa de Caribe Mexicano (code SIP 20210421). DMC is supported by the doctoral scholarship number 734084 funded by Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT) Mexico and ‘‘Beca de estímulo Institucional de Formación de Investigadores BEIFI’’ fellowship from Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico.
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DMC conceived the research question and hypothesis of this manuscript as part of her doctoral thesis. She took part in all samplings, processed the samples, carried out the data analysis, and wrote the manuscript. JCK received the grant to finance the project, conceived part of the original idea and methods, and contributed to the writing of the manuscript. ASG received financial support for the analysis of some muscle samples; he tutored DMC during a research internship for the processing of samples. He contributed to the data analysis and writing of the manuscript.
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This study was performed under the collection permit for wildlife no-commercial scientific researched, granted by the Autoridad Nacional de Licencias Ambientales (ANLA) through Resolution 1070 of August 28, 2015, to Universidad del Valle. The research does not involve genetic analysis and/or in vivo experiments and was endorsed by the ethics committee of the Universidad del Valle (2014–06), national wildlife export permit (ANLA no. 00961), and Governmental Interior Ministry supported concept (EXTIMI 2015–0021691).
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Medina-Contreras, D., Cantera-Kintz, J. & Sánchez, A. Trophic structure of fish communities in mangrove systems subject to different levels of anthropogenic intervention, Tropical Eastern Pacific, Colombia. Environ Sci Pollut Res 29, 61608–61622 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16814-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-021-16814-x